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Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction promoting health and longevity
Open accessAbstract
Dietary restriction with adequate nutrition is the gold standard for delaying ageing and extending healthspan and lifespan in diverse species, including rodents and non-human primates. In this Review, we discuss the effects of dietary restriction in these mammalian model organisms and discuss accumulating data that suggest that dietary restriction results in many of the same physiological, metabolic and molecular changes responsible for the prevention of multiple ageing-associated diseases in humans. We further discuss how different forms of fasting, protein restriction and specific reductions in the levels of essential amino acids such as methionine and the branched-chain amino acids selectively impact the activity of AKT, FOXO, mTOR, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which are key components of some of the most important nutrient-sensing geroprotective signalling pathways that promote healthy longevity.
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“Dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction and intermittent fasting, might be protective against development of age-related dysfunction and diseases based on studies in animal models134,135.”
From Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic (2022) · cites this paper as [135]
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“In addition to dietary interventions, dietary restriction mimetics (for example, pharmacological compounds or metabolites that mimic dietary restriction) have also been shown to reverse age-related declines in stem cell function209 (TABLE 1).”
From Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches (2023) · cites this paper as [209]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Green, C. L., Lamming, D. W., & Fontana, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Fontana, Luigi
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
- Published
- 2021-09-13
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-73
- ISSN
- 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0080
- PMC
- PMC8692439
- OpenAlex
- W3199223754
- Cited by
- 714
- References
- 309
- Citations by year
- 2026: 120 · 2025: 173 · 2024: 162 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 8.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01-BX004031)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG062328, R21AG061635, R01AG056771, RF1AG056771, R56AG056771)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK125859)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Keywords
- dietary restriction, aging, lifespan extension, healthspan, fasting, protein restriction, methionine restriction, branched-chain amino acids, Akt, FOXO, mTOR, NAD+, AMPK, FGF21, nutrient sensing, non-human primates, rodents
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Health, Humans, Longevity, Oxidative Stress, Caloric Restriction
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