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Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly
Open accessAbstract
Alterations in intestinal microbiota composition are associated with several chronic conditions, including obesity and inflammatory diseases. The microbiota of older people displays greater inter-individual variation than that of younger adults. Here we show that the faecal microbiota composition from 178 elderly subjects formed groups, correlating with residence location in the community, day-hospital, rehabilitation or in long-term residential care. However, clustering of subjects by diet separated them by the same residence location and microbiota groupings. The separation of microbiota composition significantly correlated with measures of frailty, co-morbidity, nutritional status, markers of inflammation and with metabolites in faecal water. The individual microbiota of people in long-stay care was significantly less diverse than that of community dwellers. Loss of community-associated microbiota correlated with increased frailty. Collectively, the data support a relationship between diet, microbiota and health status, and indicate a role for diet-driven microbiota alterations in varying rates of health decline upon ageing.
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“These changes can adversely affect the host metabolism and immunity [25–27, 40, 64, 86, 110, 112, 118] and are associated with the development of cardiovascular, autoimmune, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders [17, 90, 122, 132].”
From Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Older adults (>65 years) exhibit reduced microbiota diversity compared to adults, along with greater inter-individual variation in microbiota composition.182”
From Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [182]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“regular physical activity may help to combat reductions in butyrate-producing microbiota (Clostridiales, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae) [102] and Lactobacillus levels [103] that are commonly seen with aging [15, 84, 98].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [98]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At both extremes of life, the microbiota is characteristically different from the typical adult gut microbiota in both levels of diversity and representation of specific taxa (Claesson et al., 2012;Salazar et al., 2014;Yatsunenko et al., 2012).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Claesson et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, given that the gut microbiome shapes the function of the host immune system and exerts systemic metabolic effects, it appears possible to extend lifespan by manipulating the composition and functionality of the complex and dynamic intestinal bacterial ecosystem of the human body (Claesson et al., 2012; Ottaviani et al., 2011).”
From The Hallmarks of Aging (2013) · cites this paper as Claesson et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, given that the gut microbiome shapes the function of the host immune system and exerts systemic metabolic effects, it appears possible to extend lifespan by manipulating the composition and functionality of the complex and dynamic intestinal bacterial ecosystem of the human body (Claesson et al., 2012; Ottaviani et al., 2011).”
From The Hallmarks of Aging (2013) · cites this paper as Claesson et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Increasing culture-independent omic-based technologies such as biomarker sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics have facilitated the discovery of novel functional dynamics of microbiota2, 3, 4, 5 and their relationship with host pathophysiology.6, 7, 8, 9”
From Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the ELDERMET study reported breakthrough research in which age-related shifts in gut microbiota composition were linked to various functional health measures, including frailty, cognition, depression, and inflammatory markers”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Claesson et al., 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the more diverse the diet, the more diverse the microbiota, which was linked to improved health and reduced frailty”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Claesson et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“They found that dietary diversity was significantly associated with improved health parameters, with the grouping “low fat/high fibre” considered to have the most diverse diet and microbial profile, and “moderate fat/low fibre” and “high fat/low fibre” groupings the least [81].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Likewise, the Healthy Food Diversity index (HFD) was shown to be positively correlated with three microbiota diversity indices [81].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Fourth, the gut microbiota are affected by environmental factors37, 38 such as dietary intakes,39, 40, 41 which may, in turn, influence blood levels of TMAO and its precursors.4”
From Gut Microbiota Metabolites and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Disease Events and Death: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Studies (2017) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“A number of studies have associated increased microbial richness, at either the taxonomic or gene level, with diets higher in fruits, vegetables, and fiber42-44.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“differences in the taxonomy of the intestinal microbiota were associated with residence in different environments. The most extreme differences were observed in community residence vs long-term residential care, attributed to differences in diet—community residents typically consume diets higher in fiber and lower in fat42.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Co-abundance groups were associated with the health status of elderly individuals—diets higher in fruits, vegetable, and fiber (associated with community residence) were linked to lower levels of frailty.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Diet-associated bacterial clades, called “co-abundance groups”, included Bacteroides and Prevotella (Figure 2).”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“there is growing evidence that the high fat intake rather than obesity per se had a direct effect on the microbiota and linked clinical parameters.26”
From The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier (2016) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“In addition, several studies have shown an association between consumption of fibre, fruit and vegetables and increased microbial richness, at either taxonomic or gene level.[12][13][14]”
From High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Remarkably, the Prevotella:Bacteroides ratio in these subjects was higher than reported for elderly Irish subjects, 12 American 11 and Danish adults, 65”
From High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“However, several studies, mainly with a cross-sectional design, suggest an association between microbiota composition and frailty, mostly assessed according to the deficit accumulation model.”
From Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia (2019) · cites this paper as [114]
In the citing paper
“Namely, frailty was associated with reduced microbiota biodiversity, and lower representation of butyrate-producing bacteria.”
From Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia (2019) · cites this paper as [114]
In the citing paper
“Namely, frailty was operationalized in accordance with the deficit accumulation model, and most studies used the Rockwood Frailty Index as the preferred method of assessment, overlooking more specific measures of muscle function or performance [47,114,115,116,117,118,119,120].”
From Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia (2019) · cites this paper as [114]
In the citing paper
“In large population studies conducted on both fit community-dwellers and frail nursing home residents, frailty was associated with reduced biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, that was partly dependent on different dietary patterns [114,115].”
From Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia (2019) · cites this paper as [114]
In the citing paper
“The studies, summarized in Table 2, supported the existence of an association between frailty and fecal microbiota composition, though with different characteristics [47,114,115,116,117,118,119,120].”
From Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia (2019) · cites this paper as [114]
In the citing paper
“Data indicate a narrowing of diversity and distinctive microbiota configurations associated with ageing in long-stay care individuals compared with that of community dwellers (Claesson et al., 2012;Jeffery et al., 2016).”
From Gut reactions: Breaking down xenobiotic–microbiome interactions (2019) · cites this paper as Claesson et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Stability begins to decline as we age, and studies suggest that there is greater inter-individual variation in older adults than younger adults (<65 years old) (91, 92)”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [92]
In the citing paper
“investigations of age-related changes in gut microbiota describe a bacterial community that is both less diverse and lacking in microorganisms responsible for the production of butyrate (indicative of gastrointestinal health) [15, 84, 98, 99], and more abundant in pathogens belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae) [15, 68, 83].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“metagenomics findings in a larger sample of older adults (n = 178; ~ 78 years) [98] demonstrating that community-dwelling elders had more butyrate-producing microbes than those in long-stay residence.”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [98]
In the citing paper
“institutionalized elderly had a greater abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia/Shigella, and less gut microbial diversity when compared with the community dwellers.”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [98]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Claesson, M. J., Jeffery, I. B., Conde, S., Power, S. E., O’Connor, E. M., Cusack, S., Harris, H. M. B., Coakley, M., Lakshminarayanan, B., O’Sullivan, O., Fitzgerald, G. F., Deane, J., O’Connor, M., Harnedy, N., O’Connor, K., O’Mahony, D., van Sinderen, D., Wallace, M., Brennan, L., Stanton, C., Marchesi, J. R., Fitzgerald, A. P., Shanahan, F., Hill, C., Ross, R. P., & O’Toole, P. W.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- Cork University Hospital (IE)
- South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital (IE)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- O’Toole, Paul W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-07-13
- Volume
- 488
- Issue
- 7410
- Pages
- 178-184
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2088170171
- Cited by
- 3,314
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 176 · 2025: 209 · 2024: 240 · 2023: 231 · 2022: 322 · 2021: 318 · 2020: 310 · 2019: 278 · 2018: 214 · 2017: 244 · 2016: 220 · 2015: 183 · 2014: 167 · 2013: 158 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 69.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, older adults, diet, frailty, long-term residential care, community-dwelling older adults, microbiome diversity, inflammation, nutritional status, comorbidities, aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Diet, Diet Surveys, Feces, Fruit, Health, Health Status, Health Surveys, Homes for the Aged, Hospitals, Community, Humans, Intestines, Meat, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rehabilitation Centers, Vegetables, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Metagenome
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