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Cited by 2,620Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchFluorine in Organic ChemistryToxic Organic Pollutants Impact

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Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Review of Monitoring and Toxicological Findings

Lau, Christopher, Anitole, Katherine, Hodes, Colette, Lai, David, Pfahles-Hutchens, Andrea, Seed, Jennifer·2007·Toxicological Sciences
DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm128
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Abstract

In recent years, human and wildlife monitoring studies have identified perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) worldwide. This has led to efforts to better understand the hazards that may be inherent in these compounds, as well as the global distribution of the PFAAs. Much attention has focused on understanding the toxicology of the two most widely known PFAAs, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfate. More recently, research was extended to other PFAAs. There has been substantial progress in understanding additional aspects of the toxicology of these compounds, particularly related to the developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and the potential modes of action. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the toxicology and mode of action for PFAAs, and of the monitoring data now available for the environment, wildlife, and humans. Several avenues of research are proposed that would further our understanding of this class of compounds.

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Metadata

Authors
Lau, C., Anitole, K., Hodes, C., Lai, D., Pfahles-Hutchens, A., & Seed, J.
Affiliations
Environmental Protection Agency (US)
Corresponding author
Seed, Jennifer
ORCID
Lau, Christopher
Venue
Toxicological Sciences
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2007-05-22
Volume
99
Issue
2
Pages
366-394
ISSN
  • 1096-0929 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-6080
DOI
10.1093/toxsci/kfm128
OpenAlex
W2167567374
Cited by
2,620
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 108 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 140 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 174 · 2020: 161 · 2019: 144 · 2018: 137 · 2017: 176 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 127 · 2014: 160 · 2013: 164 · 2012: 140
FWCI
7.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Toxicological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Keywords
perfluoroalkyl acids, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, mechanism of action, environmental monitoring, wildlife exposure, human exposure, global distribution
MeSH terms
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced, Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Fetus, Fluorocarbons, Hormones, Humans, Immune System, Liver, Male

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