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Caloric Restriction Delays Disease Onset and Mortality in Rhesus Monkeys
Open accessAbstract
Starved to Life?: Caloric restriction—reducing the calories ingested by around 30% of that of a normal, fit individual—leads to substantial increases in life span in experimental animals. In an extensive study of caloric restriction in primates, Colman et al. (p. 201 ) report that rhesus monkeys, which were subjected to caloric restriction as adults and followed for the last 20 years, show decreased mortality and delayed onset of age-related diseases when compared to normally fed control animals. If compliance with such a diet were not so difficult, many humans would be strongly tempted to enjoy the decreased incidence of brain degeneration, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer apparent in this population of monkeys.
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In the citing paper
“dietary restriction has been the most effective strategy to demonstrate an increase in lifespan across a whole range of investigated species, including nonhuman primates”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Colman et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan or healthspan in all investigated eukaryote species, including unicellular and multicellular organisms of several distinct phyla, including non-human primates”
From The Hallmarks of Aging (2013) · cites this paper as Colman et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Such a diet is known to extend the lifespan in a range of animal species including primates 43”
From Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. (2013) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Correspondingly, CR was found to prolong the healthy lifespan of rhesus monkeys in 2009.40”
From Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“Recently, this phenomenon has been extended to primates, in a long-term experiment showing lifespan extension in calorie-restricted rhesus macaques (75).”
From Neural mechanisms of ageing and cognitive decline (2010) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Caloric restriction has also been widely documented to have beneficial effects on the function of the brain and its vulnerability to age-dependent pathology.”
From Neural mechanisms of ageing and cognitive decline (2010) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“It prevents many age-dependent gene expression changes in the mouse brain (8,43), reduces age-related brain atrophy in rhesus macaques (75) and has significant beneficial effects on the age-dependent impairment of learning and memory in rodents (76,77) and humans (78).”
From Neural mechanisms of ageing and cognitive decline (2010) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“A longitudinal study suggested that long-term calorie restriction of 30% significantly reduces age-related deaths in adult rhesus monkeys and a 50% lower incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease as compared to control animals (208).”
From A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan (2021) · cites this paper as [208]
In the citing paper
“A longitudinal study suggested that long-term calorie restriction of 30% significantly reduces age-related deaths in adult rhesus monkeys and a 50% lower incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease as compared to control animals (208).”
From A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan (2021) · cites this paper as [208]
In the citing paper
“However, both studies point to the fact that CR increases healthspan in monkeys by reducing the risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Colman et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Two studies have addressed the effects of CR on non-human primates, but with different outcomes. One study observed prolonged life (Colman et al., 2009) while the other did not (Mattison et al., 2012).”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Colman et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“It would appear that the high sugar (sucrose) concentration contained in the ad libitum diet (control group) of the UW study (Colman et al., 2009) led to a shortened lifespan within the cohort of control monkeys, thus accounting for the lifespan extension when animals were fed a CR diet.”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Colman et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Caloric restriction (middle) is associated with prolonged life, increased gray matter volume, improved motor function, and reduced chronic pathology (eg, neoplasia) and inflammatory markers (complement proteins, antigen presentation markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in rodents, non-human primates, and humans (Colman et al, 2009;Willette et al, 2012;Witte et al, 2009).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“In a 20-year-long longitudinal study on Rhesus monkeys, the survival rates of monkeys under calorierestriction diet (30% of normal diet) and those under normal diet were reported to be 80% and 50%, respectively (Colman et al, 2009).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“The benefits of caloric restriction observed in humans have also been reported in other species, such as rats, mice, and monkeys (Colman et al, 2009;Richardson et al, 2015;Youm et al, 2016).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, monkeys under the caloric restriction condition had delayed onset of aging-associated pathology, such as, neoplasia, cardiovascular diseases, and glucose-associated impairments, and showed higher gray matter volume in subcortical regions (Colman et al, 2009).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“Caloric restriction (middle) is associated with prolonged life, increased gray matter volume, improved motor function, and reduced chronic pathology (eg, neoplasia) and inflammatory markers (complement proteins, antigen presentation markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in rodents, non-human primates, and humans(Colman et al, 2009;Willette et al, 2012;Witte et al, 2009).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“Caloric restriction (middle) is associated with prolonged life, increased gray matter volume, improved motor function, and reduced chronic pathology (eg, neoplasia) and inflammatory markers (complement proteins, antigen presentation markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in rodents, non-human primates, and humans(Colman et al, 2009;Willette et al, 2012;Witte et al, 2009).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“Caloric restriction (middle) is associated with prolonged life, increased gray matter volume, improved motor function, and reduced chronic pathology (eg, neoplasia) and inflammatory markers (complement proteins, antigen presentation markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in rodents, non-human primates, and humans(Colman et al, 2009;Willette et al, 2012;Witte et al, 2009).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“Caloric restriction (middle) is associated with prolonged life, increased gray matter volume, improved motor function, and reduced chronic pathology (eg, neoplasia) and inflammatory markers (complement proteins, antigen presentation markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in rodents, non-human primates, and humans(Colman et al, 2009;Willette et al, 2012;Witte et al, 2009).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“Caloric restriction (middle) is associated with prolonged life, increased gray matter volume, improved motor function, and reduced chronic pathology (eg, neoplasia) and inflammatory markers (complement proteins, antigen presentation markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in rodents, non-human primates, and humans(Colman et al, 2009;Willette et al, 2012;Witte et al, 2009).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Colman et al, 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Colman, R. J., Anderson, R. M., Johnson, S. C., Kastman, E. K., Kosmatka, K. J., Beasley, T. M., Allison, D. B., Cruzen, C., Simmons, H. A., Kemnitz, J. W., & Weindruch, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Colman, Ricki J.
- Weindruch, Richard
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-07-10
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 5937
- Pages
- 201-204
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC2812811
- OpenAlex
- W1966132436
- Cited by
- 2,277
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 133 · 2017: 145 · 2016: 133 · 2015: 161 · 2014: 159 · 2013: 210 · 2012: 181
- FWCI
- 59.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01-AG-11915, P01AG011915)
- National Center for Research Resources (C06RR020141, RR 15459-01, C06RR015459, RR 020141-01, P51RR000167)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, rhesus monkeys, aging, longevity, mortality, disease onset, diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular disease, brain atrophy
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Atrophy, Body Weight, Brain, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose, Longevity, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neoplasms, Incidence, Caloric Restriction
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