Cited by 4,786Health disparities and outcomesRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchGender, Health, and Social Inequality

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Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socio-economic Status, Stress and Discrimination

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Williams, David R., Yan Yu, Jackson, James S., Anderson, Norman B.·1997·Journal of Health Psychology

DOI 10.1177/135910539700200305

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Abstract

This article examines the extent to which racial differences in socio-economic status (SES), social class and acute and chronic indicators of perceived discrimination, as well as general measures of stress can account for black-white differences in self-reported measures of physical and mental health. The observed racial differences in health were markedly reduced when adjusted for education and especially income. However, both perceived discrimination and more traditional measures of stress are related to health and play an incremental role in accounting for differences between the races in health status. These findings underscore the need for research efforts to identify the complex ways in which economic and non-economic forms of discrimination relate to each other and combine with socio-economic position and other risk factors and resources to affect health.

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Authors: Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Williams, David R.
Yan Yu
Jackson, James S.
Anderson, Norman B.
Venue: Journal of Health Psychology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1997-07
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 335-351
ISSN: 1359-1053 (ISSN-L)
1461-7277
DOI: 10.1177/135910539700200305
OpenAlex: W2132406025
Cited by: 4,786
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 346 · 2025: 442 · 2024: 425 · 2023: 338 · 2022: 399 · 2021: 356 · 2020: 278 · 2019: 290 · 2018: 227 · 2017: 224 · 2016: 188 · 2015: 150 · 2014: 145 · 2013: 125 · 2012: 128
FWCI: 19.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
Keywords: racial differences in health, Black-White health disparities, perceived discrimination, socioeconomic status, social class, stress, income, physical health, mental health, self-reported health

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Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socio-economic Status, Stress and Discrimination

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