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CRISPR/Cas9 in Genome Editing and Beyond

Wang, Haifeng, La Russa, Marie, Qi, Lei S.·2016·Annual Review of Biochemistry

DOI 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014607PMC PMC13384723

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Abstract

The Cas9 protein (CRISPR-associated protein 9), derived from type II CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) bacterial immune systems, is emerging as a powerful tool for engineering the genome in diverse organisms. As an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, Cas9 can be easily programmed to target new sites by altering its guide RNA sequence, and its development as a tool has made sequence-specific gene editing several magnitudes easier. The nuclease-deactivated form of Cas9 further provides a versatile RNA-guided DNA-targeting platform for regulating and imaging the genome, as well as for rewriting the epigenetic status, all in a sequence-specific manner. With all of these advances, we have just begun to explore the possible applications of Cas9 in biomedical research and therapeutics. In this review, we describe the current models of Cas9 function and the structural and biochemical studies that support it. We focus on the applications of Cas9 for genome editing, regulation, and imaging, discuss other possible applications and some technical considerations, and highlight the many advantages that CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers.

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200 of 207 shown

CRISPR–Cas9 Structures and Mechanisms
Jiang, F., & Doudna, J. A. (2017) · Annual Review of Biophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-062215-010822 · Cited by 2,029
The 4D nucleome project
the 4D Nucleome Network, Dekker, J., Belmont, A. S., Guttman, M., Leshyk, V. O., Lis, J. T., Lomvardas, S., Mirny, L. A., O’Shea, C. C., Park, P. J., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23884 · Cited by 732
Off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
Guo, C., Ma, X., Gao, F., & Guo, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1143157 · Cited by 704
The impact of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay on genetic disease, gene editing and cancer immunotherapy
Lindeboom, R. G. H., Vermeulen, M., Lehner, B., & Supek, F. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0517-5 · Cited by 327
A new era in functional genomics screens
Przybyla, L., & Gilbert, L. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-021-00409-w · Cited by 281

See all 1,110

Authors: Wang, H., La Russa, M., & Qi, L. S.
Affiliations: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;, ,
Venue: Annual Review of Biochemistry
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2016-06-02
Volume: 85
Issue: 1
Pages: 227-264
ISSN: 0066-4154
1545-4509
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014607
PMC: PMC13384723
Cited by: 1,110
References: 53
Language: en

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CRISPR/Cas9 in Genome Editing and Beyond

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