Cited by 1,777Memory and Neural MechanismsNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMotor Control and Adaptation

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A Neostriatal Habit Learning System in Humans

Knowlton, Barbara J., Mangels, Jennifer A., Squire, Larry R.·1996·Science

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Abstract

Amnesic patients and nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease were given a probabilistic classification task in which they learned which of two outcomes would occur on each trial, given the particular combination of cues that appeared. Amnesic patients exhibited normal learning of the task but had severely impaired declarative memory for the training episode. In contrast, patients with Parkinson's disease failed to learn the probabilistic classification task, despite having intact memory for the training episode. This double dissociation shows that the limbic-diencephalic regions damaged in amnesia and the neostriatum damaged in Parkinson's disease support separate and parallel learning systems. In humans, the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) is essential for the gradual, incremental learning of associations that is characteristic of habit learning. The neostriatum is important not just for motor behavior and motor learning but also for acquiring nonmotor dispositions and tendencies that depend on new associations.

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Authors: Knowlton, B. J., Mangels, J. A., & Squire, L. R.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of Toronto (CA)
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Squire, Larry R.
ORCID: Knowlton, Barbara J.
Mangels, Jennifer A.
Squire, Larry R.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1996-09-06
Volume: 273
Issue: 5280
Pages: 1399-1402
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5280.1399
OpenAlex: W1979455727
Cited by: 1,777
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 73
FWCI: 20.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH24600)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords: neostriatum, habit learning, Parkinson's disease, amnesia, declarative memory, caudate nucleus, putamen, associative learning, double dissociation
MeSH terms: Aged, Amnesia, Diencephalon, Female, Humans, Learning, Limbic System, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Matched-Pair Analysis, Neostriatum

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A Neostriatal Habit Learning System in Humans

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