A brain-specific microRNA regulates dendritic spine development
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that control the translation of target messenger RNAs, thereby regulating critical aspects of plant and animal development. In the mammalian nervous system, the spatiotemporal control of mRNA translation has an important role in synaptic development and plasticity. Although a number of microRNAs have been isolated from the mammalian brain, neither the specific microRNAs that regulate synapse function nor their target mRNAs have been identified. Here we show that a brain-specific microRNA, miR-134, is localized to the synapto-dendritic compartment of rat hippocampal neurons and negatively regulates the size of dendritic spines--postsynaptic sites of excitatory synaptic transmission. This effect is mediated by miR-134 inhibition of the translation of an mRNA encoding a protein kinase, Limk1, that controls spine development. Exposure of neurons to extracellular stimuli such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor relieves miR-134 inhibition of Limk1 translation and in this way may contribute to synaptic development, maturation and/or plasticity.
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miR-134 negatively regulates dendritic spine size in hippocampal neurons via repressing the translation of LIM kinase 1.
“They demonstrate that miR-134 negatively regulates the spine size via repressing the translation of LIM kinase 1, which is known to regulate dendritic structures.”
From Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Depression, Neurodegeneration and Brain Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
BDNF is able to relieve the inhibition of LIM kinase 1 translation, contributing to synaptic development, maturation and/or plasticity.
“BDNF is able to relieve the inhibition of LIM kinase 1 translation, and in this manner contribute to synaptic development, maturation and/or plasticity [56].”
From Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Depression, Neurodegeneration and Brain Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
Recent reports suggest that miRNAs can regulate dendritic spine size and neuronal morphogenesis, whereas massive parallel sequencing of small RNA libraries from human and chimpanzee brain has revealed highly complex miRNA repertoires in the primate brain.
“Recent reports suggest that miRNAs can regulate dendritic spine size (Schratt et al. 2006) and neuronal morphogenesis (Vo et al. 2005), whereas massive parallel sequencing of small RNA libraries from human and chimpanzee brain has revealed highly complex miRNA repertoires in the primate brain (Berezikov et al. 2006).”
From MicroRNA expression in the adult mouse central nervous system (2008) · cites this paper as Schratt et al. 2006
miR-134 is present in dendrites, where it represses local synthesis of the protein kinase Limk1 to regulate spine size.
“This is supported by a study, which showed that miR-134, a brainspecific microRNA, is present in dendrites, where it represses the local synthesis of the protein kinase Limk1 to regulate spine size (Schratt et al. 2006).”
From MicroRNA expression in the adult mouse central nervous system (2008) · cites this paper as Schratt et al. 2006
Stimulation of neurons relieves miR-134-mediated inhibition of Limk1 translation, which may contribute to synaptic plasticity.
“Stimulation of neurons relieves miR-134-mediated inhibition of Limk1 translation, which, in turn, may contribute to synaptic plasticity (Schratt et al. 2006).”
From MicroRNA expression in the adult mouse central nervous system (2008) · cites this paper as Schratt et al. 2006
A few miRNAs within the 14q32 cluster have been implicated in regulating synapse-specific genes and shown to exhibit neuronal-activity-dependent expression.
“Interestingly, a few miRNAs within this cluster have been implicated in regulating synapse-specific genes (Schratt et al., 2006) and shown to exhibit neuronal-activitydependent expression (Fiore et al., 2009).”
From Comprehensive expression analyses of neural cell-type-specific miRNAs identify new determinants of the specification and maintenance of neuronal phenotypes (2013) · cites this paper as Schratt et al., 2006
miR-134 and miR-138 have been implicated in dendritic spine development through repression of LIMK1 and APT1.
“miR-134 and 138 have been implicated in dendritic spine development through repression of LIMK1 and APT1 (Schratt et al., 2006; Siegel et al., 2009).”
From Regulation of Synaptic Structure and Function by FMRP-Associated MicroRNAs miR-125b and miR-132 (2010) · cites this paper as Schratt et al., 2006
miR-134 transcripts are localized to the dendritic compartments in which they function and miRNA activity is spatially/temporally regulated by extracellular signals.
“For instance, miR-134 transcripts are localized to the dendritic compartments in which they function and miRNA activity is spatially/temporally regulated by extracellular signals [29].”
From MicroRNAs show a wide diversity of expression profiles in the developing and mature central nervous system (2007) · cites this paper as [29]
miR-134 is localized to dendrites and appears to modulate the levels of activity of a kinase that influences dendrite morphogenesis.
“However, miR-134 is localized to dendrites and appears to modulate the levels of activity of a kinase that influences dendrite morphogenesis [29].”
From MicroRNAs show a wide diversity of expression profiles in the developing and mature central nervous system (2007) · cites this paper as [29]
MicroRNA present at high levels in the brain regulate neuronal and synaptic plasticity.
“miRNA present at high levels in the brain regulate neuronal and synaptic plasticity.”
From Epigenetic mechanisms of major depression: Targeting neuronal plasticity (2018) · cites this paper as [137]
A common post-transcriptional process mediated at least in part by miRNA alters the structure of dendrites and neurogenesis.
“A common post-transcriptional process mediated at least in part by miRNA alters the structure of dendrites and neurogenesis.”
From Epigenetic mechanisms of major depression: Targeting neuronal plasticity (2018) · cites this paper as [137]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Schratt, G. M., Tuebing, F., Nigh, E. A., Kane, C. G., Sabatini, M. E., Kiebler, M., & Greenberg, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Greenberg, Michael E.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-01-19
- Volume
- 439
- Issue
- 7074
- Pages
- 283-289
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2138473891
- Cited by
- 1,786
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 123 · 2013: 130 · 2012: 115
- FWCI
- 49.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2006-06-15)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- miR-134, microRNA, dendritic spine development, LIMK1, protein kinases, hippocampal neurons, synaptic development, synaptic plasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mRNA translation regulation, synaptic efficacy, learning and memory
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Brain, Hippocampus, Organ Specificity, Protein Kinases, RNA, Messenger, Synapses, Protein Biosynthesis, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, MicroRNAs, Cell Shape, Dendritic Spines, Rats, Lim Kinases
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