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Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

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Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier, Beltrán-Velasco, Ana Isabel, Redondo-Flórez, Laura, Martín-Rodríguez, Alexandra, Tornero-Aguilera, José Francisco·2023·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu15122749
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Abstract

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products. The present review aims to describe the effect of the Western pattern diet on the metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status; the impact on gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness; the effect of on cardiovascular health, mental health, and cancer; and the sanitary cost of the Western diet. To achieve this goal, a consensus critical review was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, including bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, and the Web of Science were used to complete the assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords such “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, “metabolic fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental health”, and “metabolism” were used. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane to the review’s primary focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings of conferences, and unpublished studies. This information will allow for a better comprehension of this nutritional behavior and its effect on an individual’s metabolism and health, as well as the impact on national sanitary systems. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.

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Metadata

Authors
Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Redondo-Flórez, L., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F.
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-06-14
Volume
15
Issue
12
Pages
2749
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu15122749
OpenAlex
W4380789025
Cited by
804
References
75
FWCI
51.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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