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Mammalian Sirtuins: Biological Insights and Disease Relevance
Open accessAbstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in the healthy function of multiple organ systems, leading to increased incidence and mortality from diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Historically, researchers have focused on investigating individual pathways in isolated organs as a strategy to identify the root cause of a disease, with hopes of designing better drugs. Studies of aging in yeast led to the discovery of a family of conserved enzymes known as the sirtuins, which affect multiple pathways that increase the life span and the overall health of organisms. Since the discovery of the first known mammalian sirtuin, SIRT1, 10 years ago, there have been major advances in our understanding of the enzymology of sirtuins, their regulation, and their ability to broadly improve mammalian physiology and health span. This review summarizes and discusses the advances of the past decade and the challenges that will confront the field in the coming years.
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“Proposed drivers of physiological aging include the accumulation of DNA damage, increased ROS production, telomere shortening, cellular senescence, and defects in nuclear envelope architecture (Bernardes de Jesus and Blasco, 2013;Guarente, 2008;Haigis and Sinclair, 2009;Kennedy and Lamming, 2016;Soultoukis and Partridge, 2016;Steffen and Dillin, 2016).”
From In Vivo Amelioration of Age-Associated Hallmarks by Partial Reprogramming. (2016) · cites this paper as Haigis and Sinclair, 2009
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“Sirtuins are NAD+‐dependent enzymes implicated in a range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including AS, diabetes mellitus, cancer, longevity, and neurodegeneration, through deacetylation of numerous substrates.42”
From Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide Induces Vascular Inflammation by Activating the NLRP3 Inflammasome Through the SIRT3‐SOD2‐mtROS Signaling Pathway (2017) · cites this paper as [42]
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Impairment of an endothelial NAD(+)-H2S signaling network is a reversible cause of vascular aging
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“SIRT1 is amember of the sirtuin family of NAD-dependent deacylases that mediate the health benefits of dietary restriction (DR) and can extend lifespan when overexpressed (Guarente, 2013; Haigis and Sinclair, 2010; Kanfi et al., 2012; Satoh et al., 2013).”
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AMPK at the Nexus of Energetics and Aging
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The aging lung: Physiology, disease, and immunity
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Sirtuin activators and inhibitors: Promises, achievements, and challenges
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NRK1 controls nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in mammalian cells
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“Importantly, sirtuin activation has been associated with an improvement in metabolic efficiency and healthspan in mammals 4,5 .”
Sirt3 promotes the urea cycle and fatty acid oxidation during dietary restriction
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The epigenetics of aging and neurodegeneration
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Mammalian Sirt1: insights on its biological functions
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Mitophagy in neurodegeneration and aging
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Flavonoid Apigenin Is an Inhibitor of the NAD+ase CD38
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SIRT3 regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress
Bause, A. S., & Haigis, M. C. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.08.007 · Cited by 311
Self-citationRestriction of Advanced Glycation End Products Improves Insulin Resistance in Human Type 2 Diabetes
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Epigenetic changes during aging and their reprogramming potential
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Self-citationEffects of aging on angiogenesis
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Circadian Clocks and Metabolism
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Mitochondrial sirtuins: regulators of protein acylation and metabolism
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Regulation of metabolism: the circadian clock dictates the time
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The Role of Sirtuins in Cellular Homeostasis
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Sirt1 enhances skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in mice during caloric restriction
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NAD + metabolism: A therapeutic target for age-related metabolic disease
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“Sirtuins are a class of metabolic regulators, of which seven orthologs exist in mammals (Blander & Guarente, 2004; Chalkiadaki & Guarente, 2012; Haigis & Sinclair, 2010; Houtkooper et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialGlycolysis: A multifaceted metabolic pathway and signaling hub
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SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial protein acetylation and intermediary metabolism
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Efficient Demyristoylase Activity of SIRT2 Revealed by Kinetic and Structural Studies
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NAD+ biosynthesis, aging, and disease
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Aging and reprogramming: a two-way street
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Self-citationRole of SIRT1 and FOXO factors in eNOS transcriptional activation by resveratrol
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Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances
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Nutrient-sensing pathways and metabolic regulation in stem cells
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Metformin Is a Direct SIRT1-Activating Compound: Computational Modeling and Experimental Validation
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How does adipose tissue contribute to inflammageing?
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Unraveling the Complexities of SIRT1-Mediated Mitochondrial Regulation in Skeletal Muscle
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Why Is Longevity Still a Scientific Mystery? Sirtuins—Past, Present and Future
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Metadata
- Authors
- Haigis, M. C., & Sinclair, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2010-01-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 253-295
- ISSN
- 1553-4006 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-4014
- PMC
- PMC2866163
- OpenAlex
- W2118964113
- Cited by
- 2,085
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 143 · 2019: 124 · 2018: 148 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 154 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 149
- FWCI
- 13.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG032375, P01AG027916, R01AG028730, R01AG019719)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- sirtuins, SIRT1, aging, healthspan, longevity, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Longevity, Metabolic Diseases, Neoplasms, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Sirtuins
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