The DOI matches its Crossref record; 234 of the 234 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 46 of the 193 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials
Open accessAbstract
Measuring thermal properties of materials is not only of fundamental importance in understanding the transport processes of energy carriers (electrons and phonons in solids) but also of practical interest in developing novel materials with desired thermal properties for applications in energy conversion and storage, electronics, and photonic systems. Over the past two decades, ultrafast laser-based time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) has emerged and evolved as a reliable, powerful, and versatile technique to measure the thermal properties of a wide range of bulk and thin film materials and their interfaces. This tutorial discusses the basics as well as the recent advances of the TDTR technique and its applications in the thermal characterization of a variety of materials. The tutorial begins with the fundamentals of the TDTR technique, serving as a guideline for understanding the basic principles of this technique. Several variations of the TDTR technique that function similarly as the standard TDTR but with their own unique features are introduced, followed by introducing different advanced TDTR configurations that were developed to meet different measurement conditions. This tutorial closes with a summary that discusses the current limitations and proposes some directions for future development.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This tutorial reviews time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for measuring thermal properties of bulk and thin-film materials and interfaces, covering principles, variations, advanced configurations, and limitations. It presents TDTR as a versatile ultrafast pump-probe technique capable of measuring thermal conductivities from ~0.03 to ~2000 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and interface conductances from ~8 to ~3700 MW m⁻² K⁻¹.
Key findings
- TDTR can simultaneously determine through-plane thermal conductivity and interface conductance; benchmark bulk measurements from 0.2 to 2000 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ agree with literature values within ±8%.
- Frequency-dependent TDTR can simultaneously determine thermal conductivity and heat capacity; bulk Si heat capacity agreed within ±5%, standard bulk samples overall within ±8%, and dual-frequency TDTR improved thin-film Kz accuracy by ~3 times, reducing a ~20% Cu-film discrepancy to agreement with four-point measurements.
- Anisotropic configurations extend TDTR: variable spot size requires Kr > 5 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹; beam-offset measured ZnO in-plane Kr = 38.5 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹; elliptical-beam measured ZnO Ka = 46 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and Kc = 56 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹.
- TDTR has been applied across broad ranges, including ultralow ~0.03 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ for disordered WSe₂ films, high ~2000 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ for diamond, lowest interface conductance ~8 MW m⁻² K⁻¹ for Bi/hydrogen-terminated diamond, and highest ~3700 MW m⁻² K⁻¹ for Al/Cu.
Methods
- Tutorial/review design: explains TDTR basics, thermal transport modeling, signal processing, variations (FDTR, TR-MOKE, ASOPS), and advanced configurations for simultaneous K/C, thermally thin films, anisotropic transport, and phonon mean free path probing, with 23 figures and 244 references.
- Data/sample: no new primary dataset; synthesizes literature and example measurements, including GaN, Si, Cu, ZnO, SiGe, superlattices, polymers, and other bulk/thin-film systems.
- Main analysis: describes frequency-domain heat diffusion in multilayer stacks, quadrupole method, lock-in detection, sensitivity coefficients, uncertainty propagation, and benchmark comparisons.
Limitations
- Stated: TDTR requires optically smooth surfaces, with a rule-of-thumb RMS roughness <15 nm; modulation frequency is typically 0.2–20 MHz and spot size 1–30 µm, limiting in-plane Kr <5 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and thermally thin films; monolayer/few-layer 2D materials cannot currently be measured; diffusion-equation analysis assumes equilibrium and may fail when mean free paths are comparable to characteristic lengths; low-temperature <30 K and high-temperature Al transducer <600 K measurements are challenging.
- Stated: no convincing approach has yet appeared for reconstructing phonon mean free paths; rough samples require alternative bonding or TR-MOKE approaches that are not rigorously proven.
- Evident: as a tutorial/review, conclusions rely on cited studies and example datasets rather than a single controlled new experiment, and quantitative uncertainties vary by configuration and sample.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
46 Own interpretation · 35 No full text of the sources · 27 No basis given · 24 Sources not found · 13 Own result · 11 Supported so far · 11 Partly supported · 8 Supported · 6 Not checked yet · 3 Own method · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Over the past two decades, ultrafast laser-based time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) has emerged and evolved as a reliable, powerful, and versatile technique to measure the thermal properties of a wide range of bulk and thin film materials and their interfaces.”
- Also stated in: § I. INTRODUCTION · plain
“Over the past two decades, ultrafast laser-based transient thermoreflectance (TTR) methods have emerged and evolved into a powerful and versatile technique 22-25 for characterizing thermal properties of a large variety of samples including both thin films 26-31 with a thickness down to ~20 nm, 26, 27 and bulk materials 32-35 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] 2004, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] 2008, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] 2008, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] 2010, J. Appl. Phys. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] 2007, Science source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] 2012, Science source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [28] 2010, Appl. Phys. Lett. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] 2012, Phys. Rev. Lett. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] 2016, Adv. Mater. Interfaces source
- Partly supportedcites [31] 2016, Nano Lett. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper calls TDTR a standard thermal-characterization method and uses it to measure thermal conductivity in graphite films (p. 3). It also fits interface thermal conductance in a multilayer sample (p. 4). It does not establish the claimed two-decade evolution or use across a wide range of bulk and thin-film materials. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § I. INTRODUCTION · plain
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This approach has the merit of simple configuration and works well for optically smooth samples with surface roughness <15 nm. 12”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [12] 2014, Appl. Phys. Rev. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Implementation section identifies spatial separation with an aperture as a way to suppress the reflected pump beam. The Limitations section gives <15 nm rms roughness as an approximate rule of thumb for TDTR measurements generally, not a performance threshold specifically established for spatial separation. The source also does not describe that approach as having a simple configuration. Page numbers were not provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Similarly, while TDTR can be used to study non-equilibrium phenomena such as quasi-ballistic phonon transport 90, 91, 109-111 and electronphonon coupling 55 due to its ability to detect temperature evolutions at micrometer-scale and picosecond-scale resolutions, the majority of the experimental work in the literature deduced thermal properties based on Fourier's”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [90] 2007, Phys. Rev. B source
- Partly supportedcites [91] 2011, Phys. Rev. Lett. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s main text (page not specified in our copy) says that transient thermoreflectance extracts thermal properties by fitting temperature-decay data to a thermal model, and it reports fitted thermal conductivities that differ with heater size. It does not establish that a majority of experimental work in the literature used Fourier’s law with an effective thermal conductivity. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Supportedcites [109] 2014, Phys. Rev. B source
The passage labeled Abstract says experimental characterization is usually carried out by fitting measured thermal responses to a conventional Fourier diffusion model. The Figure 1 caption adds that conventional approaches extract effective thermal parameters, including conductivity. Together, these support the paraphrase about the majority of experimental work. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Partly supportedcites [110] 2015, Phys. Rev. B sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Implications for transient laser thermoreflectometry section (p. 7) says many observations of quasi-ballistic heat flow are interpreted with modified Fourier theory using a reduced effective thermal conductivity. The Introduction (p. 1) calls such models conventional for experimental analysis, but the paper does not establish that a majority of experimental work in the literature uses them. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Supportedcites [111] 2015, Phys. Rev. B source
The Introduction (p. 1) says that most experiments showing nondiffusive thermal transport are interpreted with modified Fourier theory—a regular diffusion model with adjusted thermal parameters. The opening summary (p. 1) states this more specifically as Fourier theory with modified thermal conductivity for nearly all experimental observations of quasi-ballistic heat flow. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [55] 2015, J. Appl. Phys. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Therefore, TDTR is often used to measure the through-plane thermal conductivity Kz of the sample and the transducer/sample interface conductance G without much elaboration.”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [12] 2014, Appl. Phys. Rev. source
The Advances section describes TDTR as a general-purpose method for measuring thermal conductivity and interface conductance. The Limitations section says it is primarily sensitive to through-thickness conductivity, while Signal analysis and sensitivities discusses its sensitivity to interface conductance G. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy; “without much elaboration” reads as the citing authors’ presentation, not a separate measurement claim. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [40] 2005, Phys. Rev. B source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [120] 2002, J. Heat Transfer source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [121] 2005, Phys. Rev. B source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [122] 2007, Acta Mater. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [123] 2009, J. Appl. Phys. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [124] 2011, Adv. Mater. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [125] 2013, Phys. Rev. B source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Meanwhile, the small thermal mass of the transducer layer also enables an enhanced sensitivity to the interface thermal conductance 150 when the thermal conductivity of the substrate is small.”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [150] 2017, Phys. Rev. B source
The Conclusion states that reduced-transducer-mass TR-MOKE increases sensitivity to the conductance of interfaces with low-thermal-conductivity materials. Section D explains that reducing transducer thickness increases sensitivity because the smaller thermal mass produces a larger temperature and signal change for heat crossing the interface. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“TDTR can also incorporate a novel temperature sensing technique utilizing time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect (TR-MOKE). 34, 149, 150”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [34] 2014, J. Appl. Phys. source
The Introduction describes MOKE as an alternative way to probe surface temperature. Section B, Experimental setup, says the TR-MOKE setup is the same as their two-tint TDTR setup except for the detection scheme, supporting the claim that TDTR can incorporate TR-MOKE temperature sensing. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [149] 2016, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. source
- Supportedcites [150] 2017, Phys. Rev. B source
The Setup section describes a shared pump–probe apparatus with detection schemes for both TDTR and TR-MOKE, and explains how the TR-MOKE signal is isolated for thermometry. This supports the claim that TR-MOKE can serve as a temperature-sensing technique in a TDTR-style setup, although the paper names the two detection schemes separately. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A thinner transducer with a lower thermal conductivity cam minimize lateral heat flow in the transducer layer and thus enhancing the measurement sensitivity to the in-plane thermal conductivity. 34, 87”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [34] 2014, J. Appl. Phys. source
In II. Experimental Details A. Analysis (page not provided), the authors find that a thinner transducer lowers sensitivity to uncertainties in the transducer’s thermal conductivity and recommend a thinner, lower-conductivity transducer to reduce error in measuring the sample’s in-plane conductivity. This supports the citing sentence’s practical point; reduced lateral heat flow is its physical explanation rather than wording used in the passage. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [87] 2014, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“To overcome this challenge, a dual-frequency TDTR approach has been developed 184 that takes the advantage of the different frequency dependence in the sensitivities of the different parameters.”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [184] 2016, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
Section B (pp. 7–8) reports that TDTR sensitivity to cross-plane thermal conductivity changes substantially with modulation frequency, while sensitivity to Al-film thickness changes only weakly. The authors explicitly say they take advantage of this difference to propose an additional measurement at a lower frequency. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Dilhaire and co-workers 172, 173 proposed a high-throughput time-domain thermoreflectance (HT-TDTR) technique that combines ASOPS with high-frequency modulation of the pump beam, enabling fast and accurate measurements of thermal properties.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [172] 2011, J. Appl. Phys. source
- Supportedcites [173] 2017, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
The Introduction (p. 2) says HT-TDTR improves an ASOPS-based setup. The setup description (p. 3) specifies pump-beam amplitude modulation at 9.76 MHz, and the performance discussion (p. 5) reports faster measurements and improved accuracy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The Brillouin scattering arises from the interaction between the reflected probe beam and the acoustic waves inside the black phosphorus sample caused by the birefringence originated from the inplane anisotropy in black phosphorus. 152, 153”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [152] 2001, J. Appl. Phys. source
- Partly supportedcites [153] 2016, Nat. Commun. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (page not provided) supports the general point that Brillouin scattering arises from interaction between light and an acoustic wave. It does not support the claim about a reflected probe beam in black phosphorus or birefringence caused by that material’s in-plane anisotropy; the paper instead studies silica nanowires, as stated in the Discussion (page not provided). (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 37
- It may state two separate claims as one. 61
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“The heat capacity of new materials 38, 39 and thermal conductance of various solid/solid interfaces 40-47 have also been frequently measured using TDTR.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] 2013, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [39] 2013, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [40] 2005, Phys. Rev. B source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [41] 2006, Phys. Rev. B source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [42] 2014, Appl. Phys. Lett. source
- Supportedcites [43] 2015, Nat. Commun. source
The Results section describes TDTR as a well-established technique and reports using it to measure thermal conductance at several metal–diamond interfaces. This source supports the interface-conductance part of the citing sentence; the heat-capacity part is assigned to different citations. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [44] 2015, Phys. Rev. B source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [45] 2016, J. Heat Transfer source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [46] 2003, Phys. Rev. B source
- Supportedcites [47] 2012, Nat. Mater. source
This source is an example of the solid-interface measurements supported by citations 40–47, not the heat-capacity measurements supported by citations 38–39. In the section describing the Au/SAM/Qz measurements (page unavailable), it explicitly says TDTR measures thermal conductance in those systems. The citation therefore supports the part of the sentence attributed to it. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In particular, time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) technique has been applied for measuring materials with thermal conductivity values ranging from a high end at ~2000 W m -1 K -1 (like diamond 36 and graphite 24, 37 ) to as low as 0.03 W m -1 K -1 (e.g., disordered WSe2 films 26 ).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] 2018, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] 2008, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Partly supportedcites [37] 2017, Rev. Sci. Instrum. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Results and Discussions (p. 19) says TDTR has been applied to measure through-plane conductivity from about 2000 W m−1 K−1 in diamond to about 0.03 W m−1 K−1 in disordered layered crystals and fullerene derivatives. The paper also reports an in-plane measurement near 2000 W m−1 K−1 for highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (table, p. 22). Our copy does not identify the low-conductivity material as disordered WSe2 films. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] 2007, Science source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“However, care should be taken when applying a diffusive thermal transport model to systems where a significant fraction of heat is carried by phonons with long mean-free paths (MFPs). 90-92, 112”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [90] 2007, Phys. Rev. B source
- Supportedcites [91] 2011, Phys. Rev. Lett. source
The paper explains that transport becomes nondiffusive when temperature gradients occur over lengths comparable to phonon MFPs (opening discussion, p. 095901-1). It also states that heat flux can fall below Fourier’s-law prediction when phonon MFPs exceed the heater dimension, especially when those phonons carry a significant portion of the heat (discussion, p. 095901-1). This supports caution in applying a diffusive model, with the relevant qualification that MFPs must be long relative to the system’s characteristic length scale. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Supportedcites [92] 2013, Nat. Commun. source
The ‘Modelling the diffusive to ballistic transition’ section reports that the Fourier-law prediction diverges from the Boltzmann transport prediction when phonons travel ballistically across the thermally affected zone. The Discussion adds that micron-long mean free paths contribute substantially to silicon’s thermal conductivity. Together, these passages support caution in applying a purely diffusive model under those conditions; page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Supportedcites [112] 2014, Nat. Commun. source
The Abstract states that heat transport becomes ballistic when carrier mean free paths are comparable to or longer than the temperature-profile length scales, and that Fourier theory then has diminishing predictive power. The Additional information section says such phonons require a nonlocal expression for heat current, supporting the caution about applying a diffusive model. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“For example, it was introduced to study phonon MFP spectra in semiconductors, 92, 147, 148 similar to the frequency-dependent TDTR that is based on the physical picture of non-diffusive phonon transport, see more details in Section IV(D).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [92] 2013, Nat. Commun. source
The paper says BB-FDTR was developed to measure phonon mean free path spectra in crystalline silicon and could be applied to other semiconductors (Abstract and Discussion; pages not provided). Its account of TDTR and its modelling of a frequency-driven transition from diffusive to ballistic transport support the stated similarity (Abstract and “Modelling the diffusive to ballistic transition”; pages not provided). (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [147] 2013, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Supportedcites [148] 2013, Sci. Rep. source
The paper states that BB-FDTR was used to measure phonon mean free path spectra in four crystalline semiconductors (passage 6). It also describes both BB-FDTR and frequency-dependent TDTR in terms of suppressed thermal conductivity and ballistic phonon transport (passages 3, 4, and 8). (LLM, conf=0.90)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This ASOPS-TDTR technique, with its ~10 times faster data acquisition speed and free of artefacts associated with the moving delay stage, has been successfully employed in several studies”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [174] 2010, Nat. Mater. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (p. 5) says the heterodyne thermoreflectance setup eliminates the mechanical translation stage to avoid associated artefacts. Neither that passage nor the setup description (p. 11) reports an approximately tenfold increase in data-acquisition speed. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites [173] 2017, Rev. Sci. Instrum. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (p. 2) says asynchronous optical sampling replaces the mechanical delay line and suppresses beam-defocusing and overlap artefacts. The high-throughput setup section reports faster acquisition, but its comparison gives about 80 s versus 1 s per acquisition (p. 4), and a 45-fold reduction in total measurement time (p. 5), not an approximately tenfold gain. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Magnetic transducers as thin as 4.2 nm were also used for TR-MOKE experiments. 150”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [150] 2017, Phys. Rev. B source
The Conclusion states that the study used Co/Pt transducers ranging from 4.2 to 8.2 nm for TR-MOKE thermometry. The section comparing measurements on sapphire also explicitly describes TR-MOKE measurements with a 4.2-nm-thin Co/Pt film. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This dual-frequency TDTR approach was verified by measuring the through-plane thermal conductivity of a 3μ m-thick Cu film on a SiO2 substrate. 184”
- Also stated in: § B. Measurements of thermal conductance in thermally thin films · plain
“Excellent agreement was achieved between the dual-frequency TDTR measurements and the four-point measurements of this Cu film, whereas the conventional TDTR measurements showed ~20% discrepancy from the four-point measurements. 184”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [184] 2016, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § B. Measurements of thermal conductance in thermally thin films · plain
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Note that both the M+ and Msignals in Figure 13(a) show observable oscillations in the short delay time range up to 500 ps (see the inset of Figure 13(a)), which was attributed by the authors to the Brillouin scattering. 151”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [151] 2016, Adv. Electron. Mater. source
The Results caption (p. 7) identifies the positive M+ and negative M− signals and describes Brillouin-scattering oscillations in the inset during the first several hundred picoseconds. The Results discussion (p. 8) explains why those oscillations appear and notes that subtracting the two signals cancels them. The source does not give an exact 500-ps cutoff, but its stated time range is consistent with the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A small beat frequency of Δ f =1 Hz is usually needed so that a time constant of 30 μ s can be chosen for the lock-in amplifier to avoid signal aliasing. 173”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [173] 2017, Rev. Sci. Instrum. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The High-throughput thermoreflectance setup section (p. 3) reports a 1 Hz oscillator frequency shift and a lock-in time constant rendered in our copy as “30 s” (the unit may have been lost in extraction). It says the time constant was set for acquisition-speed purposes, not that 1 Hz is usually needed to permit a 30 μs setting or to avoid signal aliasing. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This simple interpretation, however, works as a good approximation only for semiconductor alloys due to their extremely broad MFP distributions 209 but not for pure crystals, as frequency dependence was not observed in TDTR measurements of crystalline Si despite its very long MFPs of phonons 185, 187 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [209] 2014, Phys. Rev. B source
- Supportedcites [185] 2016, J. Appl. Phys. source
This source is cited for the crystalline-Si observation, not the preceding claim about semiconductor alloys. The Experimental details (p. 8) report negligible frequency dependence in bulk Si when the laser spot was sufficiently large, and the Figure 2 caption (p. 15) says apparent thermal conductivity was independent of modulation frequency under that condition. The paper also notes slight frequency dependence with a smaller spot at 100 K. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites [187] 2011, Phys. Rev. B sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section E, “Thermal conductivity from lattice dynamics” (page unavailable), supports the cited point that pure crystalline silicon has very long phonon mean free paths: nearly half its thermal conductivity comes from phonons with MFPs above 1 µm. The paper does not establish that the Λ > dp interpretation works only for semiconductor alloys, or report the stated TDTR frequency-dependence result. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Recent advances in atomistic simulations have enabled the calculations of phonon properties including phonon dispersions and phonon lifetimes with good accuracy, even without input parameters. 196-200”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [196] 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The passage indexed under Abstract (page not supplied) says density-functional perturbation theory has shown good predictive ability for phonon dispersions and lifetimes. It also describes an approach without adjustable parameters, but explicitly says that harmonic and anharmonic interatomic force constants are required as inputs. Thus, 'without input parameters' overstates what the paper says. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [197] 2014, Comput. Phys. Commun. source
- Not checked yetcites [198] 2014
- Supportedcites [199] 2016, Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng. source
The “Pre-History of fp-PBT: Necessary Ingredients” section (page unavailable) reports general agreement between calculated phonon dispersions and measurements, and generally good agreement for calculated phonon lifetimes of zone-center optical modes in the semiconductors discussed. The Abstract (page unavailable) describes the first-principles methods as “parameter free.” (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Partly supportedcites [200] 2017, Phys. Rev. B sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s Abstract (page not provided) reports first-principles calculations of phonon scattering rates and optical phonon lifetimes for BAs, Si, and diamond. Our copy does not establish accurate calculation of phonon dispersions or validate the calculated lifetimes against measurements, so those parts of the broader claim are not supported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The Kc of ZnO determined from the elliptical-beam method (56 W m -1 K -1 ) is slightly lower than a first-principles calculation in literature (62 W m -1 K -1 ) 195 but is consistent with another TDTR measurement of Kz of ZnO [0001] (55 W m -1 K -1 ) 37 , which has its c -axis along the through-plane direction.”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [195] 2016, Sci. Rep. source
The cited paper reports a first-principles thermal conductivity of 62 W/mK for wurtzite ZnO along [0001] (Abstract; page unavailable). Its Results and Discussion identify [0001] as the c-axis. The elliptical-beam and TDTR measurements in the citing sentence are not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites [37] 2017, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
The TDTR methods section (p. 7) reports a through-plane thermal conductivity of Kz = 55 ± 6 W m−1 K−1 for ZnO [0001]. This supports the cited comparison to another TDTR measurement of 55 W m−1 K−1; the elliptical-beam result and first-principles calculation are not attributed to this source by citation 37. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“While many attempts have been made on direct TDTR measurements of semiconductors without metal transducers, 223-227”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [223] 2016, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Supportedcites [224] 2010, J. Appl. Phys. source
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes measuring thermal transport in uncoated semiconductors and identifies the paper’s approach as a time-delayed probe-pulse measurement on silicon. The Conclusion (page unavailable) confirms that the authors used ultrashort optical pulses to measure thermal diffusion in silicon. This paper therefore supports its citation as an example of a direct, transducer-free time-resolved measurement; it need not establish the number of other attempts cited alongside it. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [225] 2014, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B source
- Partly supportedcites [226] 2018, J. Phys. Condens. Matter sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion and Conclusion describe thermoreflectance measurements on bare Bi₂Se₃, supporting the point that a semiconductor was measured without a metal layer. The Introduction identifies this paper’s method as frequency-domain lateral thermoreflectance, not TDTR, and this paper alone does not establish that many direct TDTR attempts have been made. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [227] 2016, J. Appl. Phys. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“For example, TDTR can also be applied to characterize thermal properties of liquids and fluids, such as the thermal conductivity/heat capacity of liquids, 103 thermal conductance of solid/liquid interfaces, 80, 233, 234 the heat transfer coefficient of fluids during evaporation, 235, 236 condensation, 237 microchannel cooling, 238 and flow boiling. 239”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [103] 2008, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [80] 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. source
- Supportedcites [233] 2015, Appl. Phys. Lett. source
This source is cited for TDTR measurement of solid–liquid interface thermal conductance, not for the other applications listed with separate citations. The paper’s Abstract states that it uses TDTR to measure conductance across a solid–liquid interface, and the measurement-method passage describes fitting the TDTR data to obtain Au–ethanol interface conductance. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites [234] 2013, Appl. Phys. Lett. source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [235] 2012, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [236] 2014, J. Heat Transfer source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The major sources of measurement uncertainty come from the thermal capacitance (volumetric heat capacity times the film thickness, C*h ) of the transducer for high-frequency measurements and from the laser spot size w 0 for low-frequency measurements.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“while the highest thermal conductance observed to-date is for metal/metal interfaces, such as Al/Cu, with a G of ~3700 MW m -2 K -1 at room temperature. 40”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [40] 2005, Phys. Rev. B source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results show that both the CW and pulsed FDTR have similar sensitivities to the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the substrate; however, the signals of pulsed FDTR are much more sensitive to the spot size w 0 and the heat capacitance ( C Al h Al) of the transducer film.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, the sensitivity to Kz remains positive over the whole delay time range, indicating that Kz mainly affects the amplitude of the ratio signal.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The throughplane thermal conductivities of these materials determined by TDTR are in good agreement with the literature values with an overall experimental uncertainty of ±8%.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results show that Kz and G can be determined with an uncertainty of ~10% and ~5%, respectively, at both frequencies of 1 and 10 MHz.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Comparison of the sensitivity coefficients at 1 and 10 MHz suggests that the modulation frequency has a very little effect on the sensitivity to Kz but affects the sensitivity to G dramatically.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As indicated by the ±30% bounds of the best-fitted value in Figure 4(c, d), Kz of the sample mainly affects the amplitude of the ratio signal, whereas the interface conductance G mainly affects the gradient of the ratio signal.”
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Ultra-low thermal conductivities of full-dense solid materials were reported for fullerene derivatives at room temperature (~0.05 W m -1 K -1 ) 125 and disordered layered WSe2 thin films at cryogenic temperatures (~0.03 W m -1 K -1 ) 26 , both measured using TDTR.”
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At 10 MHz, the sensitivity to G changes from positive to negative over the delay time range of 0.1-10 ns, indicating that G mainly affects the gradient of the ratio signal.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The phase signal ߮ of the pulsed FDTR changes relatively little over the modulation frequency range of 0.05-20 MHz, while the phase signal ߮ of the CW FDTR changes dramatically as a function of frequency.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results show that both CW and pulsed FDTR configurations have almost the identical V out signals but the V in signals differ significantly, suggesting that the V out signals in TDTR experiments mainly come from the continuous heating at the modulation frequency.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They found that the apparent thermal conductivity of crystalline Si, which was determined from the best fit of TDTR experimental data by a thermal model prediction based on the heat diffusion equation, deviated from the bulk thermal conductivity values and decreased with a smaller laser spot size, as shown in Figure 22(a). 91”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Minnich et al. 91
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Using Eq.(4.13), the laser spot size-dependent thermal conductivity were thus converted to the 'MFP spectrum' of Si, as shown by the symbols in Figure 22(b), which qualitatively agrees with the first-principles predictions of thermal conductivity accumulation function (shown as the curves in Figure 22(b)). 91”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Minnich et al. 91
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, these two methods compare relatively well with each other, with the measured in-plane thermal conductivities within the error bars.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The MFP spectrum ߙ ሺΛሻ of SiGe was reconstructed based on Eq.(4.14) from the measured apparent thermal conductivity values, shown as the symbols in Figure 23(d), which are in good agreement with the first-principles prediction of thermal conductivity accumulation function (the dashed line in Figure 23(d)).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hu et al. 206
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Assuming the same cutoff length of ܮ ୡ ൌ ݀ , Regner et al . 92 measured the accumulation function of silicon using a variation of TDTR, the broadband frequency-domain thermoreflectance (BB-FDTR), as described in Section III(A). However, their results failed to compare well with first-principles predictions at cryogenic temperatures.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Regner et al. 92
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the data by the beam-offset method scatter more significantly whereas the data by the elliptical-beam method show better consistency.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For a Ti:sapphire oscillator centered around 800 nm, an Al thin layer with a thickness of ~100 nm is a common choice as the transducer layer due to its strong absorption (the 99% absorption depth is <60 nm) 104 and an exceptionally large thermoreflectance coefficient d R /d T ~ 10 -4 K -1 at the 800-nm wavelength. 98, 105, 106”
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The key advance in the data analysis of TDTR experiments was made by Cahill in 2004. 22 The three-dimensional heat diffusion equation through multi-layered structures was solved with the consideration of the so-called 'pulse accumulation' effect”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] 2004, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The TDTR method measures the thermoreflectance response as a function of delay time between the arrival of the pump and probe pulses on the sample surface, where the pump beam deposits a periodic heat flux on the sample surface and the probe beam detects the corresponding temperature change through the reflectance change.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In addition, the two-tint method has a high demand on the laser stability in both the intensity and the wavelength (like the one reported in Ref. 23 ). Otherwise, the fluctuations in the laser wavelength would translate into fluctuations in the power intensities of the pump and probe beams and appear as noise in TDTR measurements (like the one reported in Ref. 95 ).”
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The transient thermoreflectance technique can be implemented as both the TDTR method 22, 24, 25 and the frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) method 93, 94 (see Section III(A) for more details of FDTR).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] 2004, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] 2008, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] 2010, J. Appl. Phys. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [93] 2009, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [94] 2011, J. Heat Transfer source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The determination of thermal transport properties by TDTR is typically accomplished by adjusting free parameters (the unknown thermal properties) in a thermal transport model to obtain the best fit between the model prediction and the experimental data.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“TDTR measures thermal properties through the reflectance change with temperature, known as the thermoreflectance.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In TDTR experiments, besides the unknown thermal properties of the sample layer to be derived, there are also many other input parameters (such as the laser spot size, thermal conductivity of the transducer layer, thickness and heat capacity of each layer in the sample stack) that affect the signals and need to be pre-determined as accurately as possible.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most TDTR implementations, the pump beam is modulated by a square wave but with the higher harmonics of the square wave being removed by a bandpass filter, while in some other TDTR configurations, the pump beam is modulated by a sine wave. Thus, only the fundamental frequency of the modulation is of interest, as illustrated in Figure 3(a).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, cautions need to be taken to correct the additional phase shift introduced by cables, electronic instruments, and optical components into the measured signals. Usually, this phase shift due to the instrumentation can be conveniently canceled based on the fact that the V out signal in TDTR experiments should be constant across the zero delay time.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An estimation of the steady-state temperature rise is also important for TDTR experiments, as the temperature rise needs to be small (usually <10 K) to ensure the reflectance change is linearly proportional to the temperature change.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, most practitioners use a large laser spot size ( w 0=5-20 μ m) and a high modulation frequency ( f =1-10 MHz), resulting in quasi-one-dimensional thermal transport.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, it requires minimal sample preparation and no delicate design of electrical heaters or temperature sensors, and it works equally well in regular ambient conditions or through the window of a vacuum chamber. 48”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [48] 2014, Annu. Rev. Heat Transfer source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The thermal conductivity of the metal transducer layer can be characterized using four-point probe measurement of the electrical resistance and the Wiedemann-Franz law”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that these formulas are only for a rather crude estimation.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The thin metallic transducer layer not only makes it possible to assume a surface heat flux boundary condition and thus simplifying the analysis but also improves the overall SNR due to its large thermoreflectance coefficient.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For the characterization of the laser spot size, while many techniques such as the knife-edge method 25, 107 and patterned sample image method 94 can be used, an accurate and easy-to-use approach for TDTR is to measure the spatial correlation between the pump and probe focal spots. 39”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [39] 2013, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, measurements at such a high modulation frequency can be challenging due to the small thermal penetration depth and severe heating effect.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Over the past two decades, TDTR has been applied to characterize the thermal properties of a wide range of bulk and thin film materials and their interfaces.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“FDTR is thus much easier to implement because it avoids the complexity of a long mechanical delay for the time delay and it can use inexpensive CW laser sources.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless of how high the modulation frequency of the pump beam f 1 is, the lock-in amplifier only measures the signals at a much lower frequency, f 1 -f 2, which can be chosen to be in a proper range to achieve very high SNR and retain great fidelity of the thermal signal.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that TDTR cannot measure any arbitrarily thin films but usually requires the films to be 'thermally thick', i.e. , the film thickness should be larger than the through-plane thermal penetration depth”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This multivariate errorpropagation formula has been validated by the Monte Carlo method 127 but is much more computationally efficient: it takes only a few seconds to complete the analysis on a desktop computer using MATLAB scripts rather than a few days as needed by the Monte Carlo method.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [127] 2016, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of the resonant filter, however, is not always necessary for TDTR, if the pump beam is modulated by a pure sine wave or if a digital lock-in amplifier using clean sine-wave multipliers is used for the lock-in detection, or if the higher harmonics are also considered in the thermal modeling.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In case of non-perfect balancing with the half-wave plate, thermoreflectance signals overlap the transient Kerr rotation.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A good agreement of ±5% in the determined C of bulk Si was achieved with the literature value.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] 2013, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ASOPS eliminates the mechanical delay stage and the associated systematic errors due to beam pointing instability and spot size variation.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When TDTR experiments are conducted using a laser spot size w 0 much larger than the in-plane thermal penetration depth dp , r , the heat mainly flows in the through-plane direction. In this case, the TDTR signals are sensitive to the through-plane thermal conductivity Kz only. When TDTR experiments are conducted using w 0 similar or even smaller than dp,r , the heat flux becomes three-dimensional”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the TDTR signals depend on K and C differently at high and low modulation frequencies, a K-C diagram shown in Figure 15(b) suggests that the K-C curves at the different modulation frequencies should cross at a certain point. These two properties can thus be determined simultaneously by conducting at least two sets of the measurements at a high and a low modulation frequency.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As the modulation frequency decreases to sufficiently low of 0.1 MHz, the sensitivities to K and C have the similar amplitudes but opposite signs, suggesting that the TDTR signal is mainly affected by the thermal diffusivity ߙ ൌ ܥ ܭ / of the substrate at low modulation frequencies.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] 2013, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another important feature of ASOPS is that the probing rate can be many times slower than the pumping rate, with fpump = nfprobe + Δ f , where n is an integer. This enables sampling of ultrafast phenomena at a much slower acquisition rate.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that the temporal resolution eventually achieved by ASOPS depends not only on the delay time increment but also on the pulse duration and the detection bandwidth.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ASOPS has access to the full delay range, whereas in the traditional pump-probe metrology the delay time is limited by the length of the delay stage.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The reason, as argued by Jiang et al . 119 , is that although the V out signal is highly dependent on Kr of the substrate in the limit dp,r >> w 0 , the V out signal as a function of the offset distance is proportionally dependent on Kr , making the FWHM of V out not sensitive to the change in Kr .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Jiang et al. 119
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“On the other hand, with dp,r ≈ w 0, only the V out signals in the short offset range xc ≤ w 0 are sensitive to Kr , making the FWHM of V out highly sensitivity to the change in Kr .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Jiang et al. 119
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Given the small thermal masses of the magnetic transducers, adsorbents such as hydrocarbons and water molecules on the sample surface can possibly change the effective heat capacity of the transducer and need to be carefully considered in the thermal model.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The heat capacities of the hybrid films were found to be independent of the film thickness, while the thermal conductivities changes slightly with the film thickness.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [181] 2013, Nano Lett. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For samples with Kr > 30 W m -1 K -1 , both NbV and Al transducers work well, giving an uncertainty of <15% for the Kr measurements.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Jiang et al. 119
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“With a much-reduced thermal conductance of the metal film ( K m h m), the FWHM signal is more sensitive to the thermal conductivity of the substrate and less sensitive to the properties of the transducer layer, thus yielding a smaller measurement uncertainty. 87”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [87] 2014, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, given fpump = 80 MHz and frequency offset Δ f = 1 kHz, ASOPS would achieve a delay time increment of Δ t = 0.16 ps, and the measurement time to finish one full period scan is only 1 ms, which means that the ASOPS instrument can obtain 1000 acquisitions within 1 second.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At a high modulation frequency of 10 MHz, the TDTR signal has the same sensitivity to K and C , suggesting that the TDTR signal V in / V out is mostly determined by the thermal effusivity ݁ ൌ √ ܥܭ of the substrate at high modulation frequencies.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] 2013, Rev. Sci. Instrum. source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“one can thus conduct two sets of measurements at the two different modulation frequencies and take the ratio of the two measurements as the signal instead. In this case, the sensitivity to Kz ,Si is maintained whereas the sensitivity to h Al C Al is greatly reduced. The accuracy in determining Kz of the thin film can thus be greatly improved.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the TR-MOKE signals would change signs for oppositely aligned magnetization states of the magnetic transducers, the TR-MOKE signals can be isolated out by subtracting the in-phase and out-of-phase signals recorded for oppositely aligned magnetization states of the transducers as ܸ ൌ ሺ ܸ ெା െ ܸ ெି ሻ /2 and ܸ ௨௧ ൌ ሺ ܸ ௨௧ ெା െ ܸ ௨௧ ெି ሻ /2 .”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Koh and Cahill 90 were the first to observe a modulation-frequency-dependent thermal conductivity in some semiconductor alloys measured using TDTR, and they attributed it to the non-diffusive phonon transport, i.e. , phonons with Λ ݀ (and Λ 2 ݀ in their later publication 209 ) do not contribute to the apparent thermal conductivity measured by TDTR.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Koh and Cahill 90
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [209] 2014, Phys. Rev. B source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Wilson and Cahill 112 also pointed out that the connection between the spot sizedependent thermal conductivity and the 'MFP spectrum' should not be that simple, as the interface between the metal transducer and the substrate also played an important role in TDTR experiments.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wilson and Cahill 112
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For purely ballistic transport with a large ஃ the suppression function approaches zero, whereas for fully diffusive phonon transport with a small ஃ the suppression function approaches unity.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, their direct measurements remain very challenging.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“However, Wilson and Cahill 112 pointed out that a significant amount of the laser energy was deposited in the Cr layer instead of the surface of the Au layer due to the weak electron-phonon coupling in Au, neglect of which would cause a considerable error.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wilson and Cahill 112
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on the simple idea that the measured apparent thermal properties (thermal conductivity and interface thermal conductance) would deviate from the predictions of Fourier's law when the characteristic length is comparable to or even smaller than the phonon MFPs, some experimental work based on TDTR and its variations has been proposed to directly probe the phonon MFPs.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Wilson and Cahill 112 later pointed out that the discrepancy could be due to an artifact created by the transducer thermalization.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wilson and Cahill 112
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“For example, Wilson and Cahill 112 pointed out that the RMS average of the pump and probe spot sizes rather than the pump spot size alone should be the characteristic length scale due to the exchange symmetry between the heater and the thermometer, as shown in Eq. (2.18).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wilson and Cahill 112
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Besides, the assumption of a single cutoff length scale is too abrupt.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The knowledge of phonon mean free paths (MFPs) is important in developing microscopic pictures of the heat conduction processes, especially in micro/nano-structures and in ultrafast processes where Fourier's law of heat conduction fails.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Researchers are looking for alternative metal transducers for TDTR measurements at higher temperatures (with Pt and HfN 229 as two examples of the potential candidates) or attempting to perform TDTR measurements without metal transducers at high temperatures. 142”
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Meanwhile, the advent of ultrafast laser sources with tunable wavelength over a wide range (such as a system based on optical parametric oscillator 230, 231 ) would also be a great advantage for TDTR, as the probe wavelength could then be chosen to match a peak in the thermoreflectance of the metal transducer, thus increasing the signal-to-noise ratio significantly.”
What the sources say
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“TDTR can also be easily adapted to transient absorption and be exploited to study thermophysical phenomena in nanoparticle solutions, such as the heat diffusion from particles to the surroundings and thermal transport across surfactants, 240-243”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [240] 2008, J. Phys. Chem. C source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [241] 2005, Nano Lett. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [242] 2013, ACS Nano source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [243] 2012, J. Phys. Chem. C source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which can have important applications such as medical therapies using intensely heated nanoparticles.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The authors state this as an assumption.
The additional electrical resistivity of the metal film as compared to its pure bulk counterpart is dominantly caused by impurity scattering, which is temperature-independent.
“the additional electrical resistivity of the metal film as compared to its pure bulk counterpart is assumed to be dominantly caused by impurity scattering, which is temperature-independent.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The heat capacities of the metal transducer film and the sub-layers are the same as their bulk counterparts.
“The heat capacities of the metal transducer film and the sub-layers are usually assumed to be the same as their bulk counterparts 5 and can be obtained from the literature.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Both the laser profile and the thermal properties of the sample are axisymmetric rather than in-plane anisotropic.
“In this basic model, both the laser profile and the thermal properties of the sample are assumed to be axisymmetric rather than in-plane anisotropic (see Section IV(C));”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The different phonon modes are in thermal equilibrium so that effective thermal properties Kr, Kz, C, and G can be assumed for each layer.
“and the different phonon modes are assumed to be in thermal equilibrium so that effective thermal properties Kr , Kz , C, and G can be assumed for each layer.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The governing equation for anisotropic heat diffusion in cylindrical coordinates for a multilayered system is based on Fourier's law of heat conduction with apparent thermal property values assumed.
“The governing equation, which is based on Fourier's law of heat conduction with apparent thermal property values assumed, is written as:”
The authors state this as an assumption.
A Dirac delta function for the laser pulses is assumed, valid considering the ultrashort pulse duration (<500 fs) compared to the interval between pulses (~12.5 ns).
“Assuming a Dirac delta function for the laser pulses, which is a valid assumption considering the ultrashort pulse duration (<500 fs) compared to the interval between pulses (~12.5 ns)”
The paper relies on this without support.
The heating and sensing occur on the top surface of the sample.
“both the heating and sensing occur on the top surface of the sample;”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The DC component of the pump heating can be neglected in the mathematical model for simplicity.
“The reason is that the DC component of the pump heating is neglected in the mathematical model here for simplicity (similar to the practice in Ref. 24).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The lock-in amplifier rejects the DC component of the pump heating in TDTR experiments.
“This simplification is justified because the DC component is rejected by the lock-in amplifier in TDTR experiments.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The superlattice sample can be treated as a homogeneous thin film with thickness h_film and an effective thermal conductivity.
“The superlattice sample is treated as a homogeneous thin film with thickness h film and an effective thermal conductivity.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
In variable spot size TDTR, the through-plane thermal conductivity Kz is the same for the two sets of measurements.
“the validity of this approach relies on the assumption that Kz is the same for the two sets of the measurements.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
For well-studied condensed materials, the bulk heat capacity can be used for thin films because nanostructures do not significantly change the heat capacity.
“This is usually a reasonable assumption for most of the well-studied condensed materials (e.g., Al, Si, SiO2, etc.) since the nanostructures do not significantly change the heat capacity. 177”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The thermal model used in variable spot size TDTR assumes cylindrical symmetry.
“the thermal model assumes a cylindrical symmetry.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The thermal conductivity of some semiconductor materials extracted from TDTR experiments was found to depend on the modulation frequency or the laser spot size.
“The thermal conductivity of some semiconductor materials extracted from TDTR experiments was found to depend on the modulation frequency or the laser spot size”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most analyses of TDTR data to-date are based on solutions of the diffusion equation with the assumption that all the thermal excitations are in equilibrium with each other and a temperature field is well defined.
“Most analyses of TDTR data to-date are based on solutions of the diffusion equation with the assumption that all the thermal excitations are in equilibrium with each other and a temperature field is well defined.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“a Co/Pt multilayer with a total thickness of 19 nm as the TR-MOKE transducer with the nominal structure of the multilayer from top to bottom as Pt (1 nm)/[Co (0.5 nm) Pt (1 nm)] × 6/Pt (10 nm)”
Reported 19 · recomputed 20
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ A. Frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR)
“the measured phase of the pump is ߮ ௨ ൌ ߮ ௦௧௨ െ ߮ and the measured phase of the probe is ߮ ൌ ߮ ௧ ߮ ௦௧௨ െ ߮ ”
§ A. Frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR)
“߮ ௧ ൌ ߮ ௨ െ ߮ ”
Citations
Cites
New Directions for Low‐Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials
Dresselhaus, M. S., Chen, G., Tang, M. Y., Yang, R., Lee, H., Wang, D. Z., Ren, Z., Fleurial, J., & Gogna, P. K. (2007) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200600527 · Cited by 4,037
Self-citationThermal Conductivity of Heterogeneous Two-Component Systems
Hamilton, R. L., & Crosser, O. K. (1962) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals · doi:10.1021/i160003a005 · Cited by 3,672
ShengBTE: A solver of the Boltzmann transport equation for phonons
Li, W., Carrete, J., A. Katcho, N., & Mingo, N. (2014) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2014.02.015 · Cited by 3,147
Cahill, D. G., Ford, W. K., Goodson, K. E., Mahan, G. D., Majumdar, A., Maris, H. J., Merlin, R., & Phillpot, S. R. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1524305 · Cited by 2,825
Small molecular weight organic thin-film photodetectors and solar cells
Peumans, P., Yakimov, A. V., & Forrest, S. R. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1534621 · Cited by 2,771
Theory of the Photoacoustic Effect With Solids
Rosencwaig, A., & Gersho, A. (1976) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.322296 · Cited by 2,320
A review of techniques for parameter sensitivity analysis of environmental models
Hamby, D. M. (1994) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00547132 · Cited by 1,969
Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Noncrystalline Solids
Zeller, R. C., & Pohl, R. O. (1971) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.4.2029 · Cited by 1,954
Nanoscale thermal transport. II. 2003–2012
Cahill, D. G., Braun, P. V., Chen, G., Clarke, D. R., Fan, S., Goodson, K. E., Keblinski, P., King, W. P., Mahan, G. D., Majumdar, A., et al. (2014) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.4832615 · Cited by 1,763
The Shannon sampling theorem—Its various extensions and applications: A tutorial review
Jerri, A. J. (1977) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1977.10771 · Cited by 1,752
Analysis of heat flow in layered structures for time-domain thermoreflectance
Cahill, D. G. (2004) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1819431 · Cited by 1,543
Xi, J.-Q., Schubert, M. F., Kim, J. K., Schubert, E. F., Chen, M., Lin, S.-Y., Liu, W., & Smart, J. A. (2007) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2007.26 · Cited by 1,202
Cooper, M. G., Mikic, B. B., & Yovanovich, M. M. (1969) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/0017-9310(69)90011-8 · Cited by 1,069
Intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of semiconductors from first principles
Broido, D. A., Malorny, M., Birner, G., Mingo, N., & Stewart, D. A. (2007) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2822891 · Cited by 978
Thermal Interface Materials: Historical Perspective, Status, and Future Directions
Prasher, R. (2006) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2006.879796 · Cited by 927
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Disordered, Layered WSe 2 Crystals
Chiritescu, C., Cahill, D. G., Nguyen, N., Johnson, D., Bodapati, A., Keblinski, P., & Zschack, P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1136494 · Cited by 854
Heat transport in silicon from first-principles calculations
Esfarjani, K., Chen, G., & Stokes, H. T. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.085204 · Cited by 759
Four-phonon scattering significantly reduces intrinsic thermal conductivity of solids
Feng, T., Lindsay, L., & Ruan, X. (2017) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.161201 · Cited by 756
Effects of chemical bonding on heat transport across interfaces
Losego, M. D., Grady, M. E., Sottos, N. R., Cahill, D. G., & Braun, P. V. (2012) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3303 · Cited by 701
George, P. A., Strait, J. H., Dawlaty, J. M., Shivaraman, S., Chandrashekhar, M., Rana, F., & Spencer, M. G. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl8019399 · Cited by 690
Femtosecond spectroscopy of electron-electron and electron-phonon energy relaxation in Ag and Au
Groeneveld, R. H. M., Sprik, R., & Lagendijk, A. (1995) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.51.11433 · Cited by 674
Brorson, S. D., Kazeroonian, A., Moodera, J. S., Face, D. W., Cheng, T. K., Ippen, E. P., Dresselhaus, M. S., & Dresselhaus, G. (1990) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.64.2172 · Cited by 672
Schmidt, A. J., Chen, X., & Chen, G. (2008) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.3006335 · Cited by 655
Regner, K. T., Sellan, D. P., Su, Z., Amon, C. H., McGaughey, A. J. H., & Malen, J. A. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2630 · Cited by 646
Kapitza conductance and heat flow between solids at temperatures from 50 to 300 K
Stoner, R. J., & Maris, H. J. (1993) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.48.16373 · Cited by 646
Coherent Phonon Heat Conduction in Superlattices
Luckyanova, M. N., Garg, J., Esfarjani, K., Jandl, A., Bulsara, M. T., Schmidt, A. J., Minnich, A. J., Chen, S., Dresselhaus, M. S., Ren, Z., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225549 · Cited by 630
Time-resolved observation of electron-phonon relaxation in copper
Elsayed-Ali, H. E., Norris, T. B., Pessot, M. A., & Mourou, G. A. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.1212 · Cited by 623
Thermometry and Thermal Transport in Micro/Nanoscale Solid-State Devices and Structures
Cahill, D. G., Goodson, K., & Majumdar, A. (2002) · Journal of Heat Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.1454111 · Cited by 611
Anisotropic thermal conductivity in single crystal β-gallium oxide
Guo, Z. M., Verma, A. K., Wu, X., Sun, F., Hickman, A. L., Masui, T., Kuramata, A., Higashiwaki, M., Jena, D., & Luo, T. (2015) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4916078 · Cited by 593
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-2818 · Cited by 591
Coherent Phonon Generation and Detection by Picosecond Light Pulses
Thomsen, C., Strait, J., Vardeny, Z., Maris, H. J., Tauc, J., & Hauser, J. J. (1984) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.53.989 · Cited by 581
Thermal conductance of interfaces between highly dissimilar materials
Lyeo, H.-K., & Cahill, D. G. (2006) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.144301 · Cited by 576
Thermal Conductivity Spectroscopy Technique to Measure Phonon Mean Free Paths
Minnich, A. J., Johnson, J. A., Schmidt, A. J., Esfarjani, K., Dresselhaus, M. S., Nelson, K. A., & Chen, G. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.095901 · Cited by 556
A frequency-domain thermoreflectance method for the characterization of thermal properties
Schmidt, A. J., Cheaito, R., & Chiesa, M. (2009) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.3212673 · Cited by 543
Transient thermoreflectance from thin metal films
Paddock, C. A., & Eesley, G. L. (1986) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.337642 · Cited by 530
Crossover from incoherent to coherent phonon scattering in epitaxial oxide superlattices
Ravichandran, J., Yadav, A. K., Cheaito, R., Rossen, P. B., Soukiassian, A., Suresha, S. J., Duda, J. C., Foley, B. M., Lee, C.-H., Zhu, Y., et al. (2014) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3826 · Cited by 514
Thermal conductance of epitaxial interfaces
Costescu, R. M., Wall, M. A., & Cahill, D. G. (2003) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.67.054302 · Cited by 486
Capinski, W. S., Maris, H. J., Ruf, T., Cardona, M., Ploog, K., & Katzer, D. S. (1999) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.8105 · Cited by 471
Ultrafast time-domain spectroscopy based on high-speed asynchronous optical sampling
Bartels, A., Cerna, R., Kistner, C., Thoma, A., Hudert, F., Janke, C., & Dekorsy, T. (2007) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.2714048 · Cited by 460
Thermal Conductance of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interfaces
Ge, Z., Cahill, D. G., & Braun, P. V. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.186101 · Cited by 455
Siemens, M. E., Li, Q., Yang, R., Nelson, K. A., Anderson, E. H., Murnane, M. M., & Kapteyn, H. C. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2568 · Cited by 443
Self-citationUltrafast optical switching properties of single-wall carbon nanotube polymer composites at 1.55 μm
Chen, Y.-C., Raravikar, N., Schadler, L. S., et al. (2002) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1498007 · Cited by 441
Johnson, J. A., Maznev, A. A., Cuffe, J., Eliason, J. K., Minnich, A. J., Kehoe, T., Torres, C. M. S., Chen, G., & Nelson, K. A. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.025901 · Cited by 421
Thermal conductance of metal-metal interfaces
Gundrum, B. C., Cahill, D. G., & Averback, R. S. (2005) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.72.245426 · Cited by 417
Henry, A. S., & Chen, G. (2008) · Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience · doi:10.1166/jctn.2008.2454 · Cited by 391
Frequency dependence of the thermal conductivity of semiconductor alloys
Koh, Y. K., & Cahill, D. G. (2007) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.075207 · Cited by 383
Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes
Koh, Y. K., Bae, M.-H., Cahill, D. G., & Pop, E. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl101790k · Cited by 378
Pernot, G., Stoffel, M., Savic, I., Pezzoli, F., Chen, P., Savelli, G., Jacquot, A., Schumann, J., Denker, U., Mönch, I., et al. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2752 · Cited by 375
Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity in W/Al 2 O 3 Nanolaminates
Costescu, R. M., Cahill, D. G., Fabreguette, F. H., Sechrist, Z. A., & George, S. M. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093711 · Cited by 353
Advances in Thermal Conductivity
Toberer, E. S., Baranowski, L. L., & Dames, C. (2012) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070511-155040 · Cited by 347
Electron Diffusion in Metals Studied by Picosecond Ultrasonics
Tas, G., & Maris, H. J. (1994) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.49.15046 · Cited by 344
Spectral Mapping of Thermal Conductivity Through Nanoscale Ballistic Transport
Hu, Y., Zeng, L., Minnich, A. J., Dresselhaus, M. S., & Chen, G. (2015) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.109 · Cited by 341
Dynamics of electron-magnon interaction and ultrafast demagnetization in thin iron films
Carpene, E., Mancini, E., Dallera, C., et al. (2008) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.78.174422 · Cited by 322
Mean free path spectra as a tool to understand thermal conductivity in bulk and nanostructures
Yang, F., & Dames, C. (2013) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.87.035437 · Cited by 283
Nanoscale heat transfer – from computation to experiment
Luo, T., & Chen, G. (2013) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c2cp43771f · Cited by 276
Yasui, T., Saneyoshi, E., & Araki, T. (2005) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2008379 · Cited by 265
Liu, J., Choi, G.-M., & Cahill, D. G. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4904513 · Cited by 262
Grahn, H. T., Maris, H. J., & Tauc, J. (1989) · IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/3.40643 · Cited by 257
Xie, X., Li, D., Tsai, T., Líu, J., Braun, P. V., & Cahill, D. G. (2016) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02477 · Cited by 255
Heat‐Transport Mechanisms in Superlattices
Koh, Y. K., Cao, Y., Cahill, D. G., & Jena, D. (2009) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.200800984 · Cited by 247
Anisotropic failure of Fourier theory in time-domain thermoreflectance experiments
Wilson, R. B., & Cahill, D. G. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6075 · Cited by 244
Oh, D.-W., Ko, C., Ramanathan, S., & Cahill, D. G. (2010) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3394016 · Cited by 239
Jiang, P., Qian, X., Gu, X., & Yang, R. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201701068 · Cited by 239
Self-citationZhu, J., Tang, D., Wang, W., Liu, J., Holub, K. W., & Yang, R. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3504213 · Cited by 232
Self-citationSpin current generated by thermally driven ultrafast demagnetization
Choi, G., Min, B., Lee, K., & Cahill, D. G. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5334 · Cited by 228
Ultrafast demagnetization of ferromagnetic transition metals: The role of the Coulomb interaction
Krauß, M., Roth, T., Alebrand, S., et al. (2009) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.180407 · Cited by 218
Kim, J. H., Feldman, A., & Novotny, D. B. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.371314 · Cited by 217
Thermal conductance and phonon transmissivity of metal–graphite interfaces
Schmidt, A. J., Collins, K. C., Minnich, A. J., & Chen, G. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3428464 · Cited by 213
Kang, K., Koh, Y. K., Chiritescu, C., Zheng, X., & Cahill, D. G. (2008) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.3020759 · Cited by 209
Lin, H., Stoner, R. J., Maris, H. J., & Tauc, J. (1991) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.348958 · Cited by 203
A new regime of nanoscale thermal transport: Collective diffusion increases dissipation efficiency
Hoogeboom-Pot, K. M., Hernandez-Charpak, J. N., Gu, X., Frazer, T. D., Anderson, E. H., Chao, W., Falcone, R. W., Yang, R., Murnane, M. M., Kapteyn, H. C., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1503449112 · Cited by 202
Self-citationProbing anisotropic heat transport using time-domain thermoreflectance with offset laser spots
Feser, J. P., & Cahill, D. G. (2012) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4757863 · Cited by 200
Thermal Properties of Metal-Coated Vertically Aligned Single-Wall Nanotube Arrays
Panzer, M. A., Zhang, G., Mann, D., Hu, X., Pop, E., Dai, H., & Goodson, K. E. (2008) · ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.2885159 · Cited by 199
Thermal conductance of metal–diamond interfaces at high pressure
Hohensee, G. T., Wilson, R. B., & Cahill, D. G. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7578 · Cited by 197
Determining Phonon Mean Free Paths from Observations of Quasiballistic Thermal Transport
Minnich, A. J. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.205901 · Cited by 196
Optical properties of gold nanocluster composites formed by deep ion implantation in silica
Magruder, R. H., III, Li, Y., Haglund, R. F., et al. (1993) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.109588 · Cited by 191
Wu, X., Lee, J., Varshney, V., Wohlwend, J. L., Roy, A. K., & Luo, T. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep22504 · Cited by 189
Thermal Conductivity of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) and Borosilicate Crown Glass BK7
ASSAEL, M. J., Botsios, S., Gialou, K., & Metaxa, I. N. (2005) · International Journal of Thermophysics · doi:10.1007/s10765-005-8106-5 · Cited by 185
An optical pump-probe technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquids
Schmidt, A., Chiesa, M., Chen, X., & Chen, G. (2008) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.2937458 · Cited by 184
Coherent Phonon Detection From Ultrafast Surface Vibrations
Wright, O. B., & Kawashima, K. (1992) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.69.1668 · Cited by 180
Thermal property microscopy with frequency domain thermoreflectance
Yang, J., Maragliano, C., & Schmidt, A. J. (2013) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4824143 · Cited by 176
Contact heat transfer - The last decade
Madhusudana, C. V., & Fletcher, L. S. (1986) · AIAA Journal · doi:10.2514/3.9298 · Cited by 176
Groeneveld, R. H. M., Sprik, R., & Lagendijk, A. (1992) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.45.5079 · Cited by 176
Cheaito, R., Duda, J. C., Beechem, T. E., Hattar, K., Ihlefeld, J. F., Medlin, D. L., Rodriguez, M. A., Campion, M. J., Piekos, E. S., & Hopkins, P. E. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.195901 · Cited by 175
Rosencwaig, A. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.218.4569.223 · Cited by 175
Jiang, P., Qian, X., & Yang, R. (2017) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4991715 · Cited by 175
Self-citationUncertainty analysis of thermoreflectance measurements
Yang, J., Ziade, E., & Schmidt, A. J. (2016) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4939671 · Cited by 174
Qian, X., Jiang, P., & Yang, R. (2017) · Materials Today Physics · doi:10.1016/j.mtphys.2017.12.005 · Cited by 174
Self-citationCinchetti, M., Albaneda, M. S., Hoffmann, D., et al. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.177201 · Cited by 173
Universal phonon mean free path spectra in crystalline semiconductors at high temperature
Freedman, J. P., Leach, J. H., Preble, E. A., Sitar, Z., Davis, R. F., & Malen, J. A. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02963 · Cited by 171
Thermal spin-transfer torque driven by the spin-dependent Seebeck effect in metallic spin-valves
Choi, G., Moon, C.-H., Min, B., Lee, K., & Cahill, D. G. (2015) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3355 · Cited by 170
Improved apparatus for picosecond pump-and-probe optical measurements
Capinski, W. S., & Maris, H. J. (1996) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1147100 · Cited by 170
Liu, J., Zhu, J., Tian, M., Gu, X., Schmidt, A., & Yang, R. (2013) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4797479 · Cited by 163
Self-citationThermoreflectance of metal transducers for optical pump-probe studies of thermal properties
Wilson, R. B., Apgar, B. A., Martin, L. W., & Cahill, D. G. (2012) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.20.028829 · Cited by 160
Thermal characterization of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices
Touzelbaev, M. N., Zhou, P., Venkatasubramanian, R., & Goodson, K. E. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1374458 · Cited by 151
Pump-probe measurements of the thermal conductivity tensor for materials lacking in-plane symmetry
Feser, J. P., Liu, J., & Cahill, D. G. (2014) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4897622 · Cited by 151
Optical Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Using Fiber Aligned Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance
Malen, J. A., Baheti, K., Tong, T., Zhao, Y., Hudgings, J. A., & Majumdar, A. (2011) · Journal of Heat Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.4003545 · Cited by 145
Transient thermal gratings at surfaces for thermal characterization of bulk materials and thin films
K�ding, O. W., Skurk, H., Maznev, A. A., & Matthias, E. (1995) · Applied Physics A · doi:10.1007/bf01538190 · Cited by 141
Phonon thermal conduction in novel 2D materials
Xu, X., Chen, J., & Li, B. (2016) · Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/28/48/483001 · Cited by 137
Vallabhaneni, A. K., Singh, D., Bao, H., Murthy, J., & Ruan, X. (2016) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.93.125432 · Cited by 134
Ultralow thermal conductivity of fullerene derivatives
Wang, X., Liman, C. D., Treat, N. D., Chabinyc, M. L., & Cahill, D. G. (2013) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.88.075310 · Cited by 132
Advances in the measurement and computation of thermal phonon transport properties
Minnich, A. J. (2015) · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/27/5/053202 · Cited by 131
High and low thermal conductivity of amorphous macromolecules
Xie, X., Yang, K., Li, D., Tsai, T., Shin, J., Braun, P. V., & Cahill, D. G. (2017) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.035406 · Cited by 131
Thermal conductivity of (Zr,W)N/ScN metal/semiconductor multilayers and superlattices
Rawat, V., Koh, Y. K., Cahill, D. G., & Sands, T. D. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3065092 · Cited by 129
First Principles Peierls-Boltzmann Phonon Thermal Transport: A Topical Review
Lindsay, L. (2016) · Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering · doi:10.1080/15567265.2016.1218576 · Cited by 129
Quasiballistic heat transfer studied using the frequency-dependent Boltzmann transport equation
Chen, G., Minnich, A. J., Mansoor, S. B., & Yilbaş, B. S. (2011) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 129
Favaloro, T., Bahk, J.-H., & Shakouri, A. (2015) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4907354 · Cited by 127
The influence of interface bonding on thermal transport through solid–liquid interfaces
Harikrishna, H., Ducker, W. A., & Huxtable, S. T. (2013) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4812749 · Cited by 125
Feldman, A. (1999) · High Temperatures-High Pressures · doi:10.1068/htrt171 · Cited by 125
Lifetimes of Confined Acoustic Phonons in Ultrathin Silicon Membranes
Cuffe, J., Ristow, O., Chávez‐Ángel, E., Shchepetov, A., Chapuis, P., Alzina, F., Hettich, M., Prunnila, M., Ahopelto, J., Dekorsy, T., et al. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.095503 · Cited by 122
High-speed asynchronous optical sampling with sub-50fs time resolution
Gebs, R., Klatt, G., Janke, C., Dekorsy, T., & Bartels, A. (2010) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.18.005974 · Cited by 120
Zheng, X., Cahill, D. G., Krasnochtchekov, P., Averback, R. S., & Zhao, J.-C. (2007) · Acta Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2007.05.037 · Cited by 117
Regner, K. T., Majumdar, S., & Malen, J. A. (2013) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4808055 · Cited by 116
Onset of nondiffusive phonon transport in transient thermal grating decay
Maznev, A. A., Johnson, J. A., & Nelson, K. A. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.195206 · Cited by 116
Pump/Probe Spectroscopy by Asynchronous Optical Sampling
Elzinga, P. A., Lytle, F. E., Jian, Y., King, G. B., & Laurendeau, N. M. (1987) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1366/0003702874868025 · Cited by 115
Taketoshi, N., Baba, T., & Ono, A. (2001) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0957-0233/12/12/306 · Cited by 114
Ultrafast dynamics of coherent optical phonons and nonequilibrium electrons in transition metals
Hase, M., Ishioka, K., Demsar, J., et al. (2005) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.71.184301 · Cited by 114
Thermoreflectance of metal transducers for time-domain thermoreflectance
Wang, Y., Park, J. Y., Koh, Y. K., & Cahill, D. G. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3457151 · Cited by 112
Two-channel model for nonequilibrium thermal transport in pump-probe experiments
Wilson, R. B., Feser, J. P., Hohensee, G. T., & Cahill, D. G. (2013) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.88.144305 · Cited by 112
Wei, C., Zheng, X., Cahill, D. G., & Zhao, J.-C. (2013) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4815867 · Cited by 110
Revealing the Origins of 3D Anisotropic Thermal Conductivities of Black Phosphorus
Zhu, J., Park, H., Chen, J., Gu, X., Zhang, H., Karthikeyan, S., Wendel, N., Campbell, S. A., Dawber, M., Du, X., et al. (2016) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.201600040 · Cited by 108
Self-citationPhonon attenuation in amorphous solids studied by picosecond ultrasonics
Morath, C. J., & Maris, H. J. (1996) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.54.203 · Cited by 107
Temperature-Dependent Mean Free Path Spectra of Thermal Phonons Along the c-Axis of Graphite
Zhang, H., Chen, X., Jho, Y.-D., & Minnich, A. J. (2016) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04499 · Cited by 106
Liu, J., Yoon, B., Kuhlmann, E., Tian, M., Zhu, J., George, S. M., Lee, Y.-C., & Yang, R. (2013) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl403244s · Cited by 105
Self-citationBrillouin scattering self-cancellation
Florez, O., Jarschel, P. F., Espinel, Y. A. V., Cordeiro, C. M. B., Mayer Alegre, T. P., Wiederhecker, G. S., & Dainese, P. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11759 · Cited by 103
Experimental metrology to obtain thermal phonon transmission coefficients at solid interfaces
Hua, C., Chen, X., Ravichandran, N. K., & Minnich, A. J. (2017) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.205423 · Cited by 102
Thermal Transport Through GaN–SiC Interfaces From 300 to 600 K
Ziade, E., Yang, J., Brummer, G., Nothern, D., Moustakas, T., & Schmidt, A. J. (2015) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4930104 · Cited by 101
Mechanisms of nonequilibrium electron-phonon coupling and thermal conductance at interfaces
Giri, A., Gaskins, J. T., Donovan, B. F., Szwejkowski, C., Warzoha, R. J., Rodriguez, M. A., Ihlefeld, J., & Hopkins, P. E. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4914867 · Cited by 101
Thermal Conductivity and Thermoelectric Power of Rutile (Ti O2 )
Thurber, W. R., & Mante, A. J. H. (1965) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.139.a1655 · Cited by 98
Evaluating Broader Impacts of Nanoscale Thermal Transport Research
Shi, L., Dames, C., Lukes, J. R., Reddy, P., Duda, J. C., Cahill, D. G., Lee, J., Marconnet, A. M., Goodson, K. E., Bahk, J., et al. (2015) · Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering · doi:10.1080/15567265.2015.1031857 · Cited by 97
Picosecond ultrasonics study of the vibrational modes of a nanostructure
Antonelli, G. A., Maris, H. J., Malhotra, S. G., & Harper, J. M. E. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1435831 · Cited by 97
Thermal conductance of strongly bonded metal-oxide interfaces
Wilson, R. B., Apgar, B. A., Hsieh, W.-P., Martin, L. W., & Cahill, D. G. (2015) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.115414 · Cited by 97
Superdiffusive heat conduction in semiconductor alloys. I. Theoretical foundations
Vermeersch, B., Carrete, J., Mingo, N., & Shakouri, A. (2015) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.085202 · Cited by 96
Anisotropy of the Thermal Conductivity in GaAs/AlAs Superlattices
Luckyanova, M. N., Johnson, J. A., Maznev, A. A., Garg, J., Jandl, A., Bulsara, M. T., Fitzgerald, E. A., Nelson, K. A., & Chen, G. (2013) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl4001162 · Cited by 96
Enhancing solid-liquid interface thermal transport using self-assembled monolayers
Tian, Z., Marconnet, A., & Chen, G. (2015) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4921758 · Cited by 95
Characterization of nanostructured metal films by picosecond acoustics and interferometry
O’Hara, K. E., Hu, X., & Cahill, D. G. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1406543 · Cited by 95
Rapid-scanning terahertz precision spectrometer with more than 6 THz spectral coverage
Klatt, G., Gebs, R., Janke, C., Dekorsy, T., & Bartels, A. (2009) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.17.022847 · Cited by 95
Thin film nanocalorimeter for heat capacity measurements of 30 nm films
Queen, D., & Hellman, F. (2009) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.3142463 · Cited by 94
Probing the Gold Nanorod−Ligand−Solvent Interface by Plasmonic Absorption and Thermal Decay
Schmidt, A. J., Alper, J. D., Chiesa, M., Chen, G., Das, S. K., & Hamad-Schifferli, K. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp8051888 · Cited by 91
Wang, W., & Cahill, D. G. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.175503 · Cited by 90
Interpreting picosecond acoustics in the case of low interface stiffness
Hohensee, G. T., Hsieh, W.-P., Losego, M. D., & Cahill, D. G. (2012) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4766957 · Cited by 87
Ultrafast Thermal Analysis of Surface Functionalized Gold Nanorods in Aqueous Solution
Huang, J., Park, J., Wang, W., Murphy, C. J., & Cahill, D. G. (2013) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn304738u · Cited by 83
Thermal Transport in Au-Core Polymer-Shell Nanoparticles
Ge, Z., Kang, Y., Taton, T. A., Braun, P. V., & Cahill, D. G. (2005) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl047944x · Cited by 82
Nanoscale solid-state cooling: a review
Ziabari, A., Zebarjadi, M., Vashaee, D., & Shakouri, A. (2016) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/095901 · Cited by 82
Study of Phonon Dispersion in Silicon and Germanium at Long Wavelengths Using Picosecond Ultrasonics
Hao, H.-Y., & Maris, H. J. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.5556 · Cited by 79
Vermeersch, B., Mohammed, A. M. S., Pernot, G., Koh, Y. R., & Shakouri, A. (2015) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.085203 · Cited by 78
THERMAL BOUNDARY RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS USING A TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE TECHNIQUE
Andrew N. Smith, J. L. H. (2000) · Microscale Thermophysical Engineering · doi:10.1080/108939500199637 · Cited by 78
Interfacial Thermal Conductance of Transfer‐Printed Metal Films
Oh, D., Kim, S., Rogers, J. A., Cahill, D. G., & Sinha, S. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201102994 · Cited by 77
Yang, H., Cahill, D. G., Liu, X., Feldman, J. L., Crandall, R. S., Sperling, B. A., & Abelson, J. R. (2010) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.104203 · Cited by 76
Lai, S. L., Ramanath, G., Allen, L. H., & Infante, P. (1997) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.119299 · Cited by 76
Kimling, J., Philippi-Kobs, A., Jacobsohn, J., Oepen, H. P., & Cahill, D. G. (2017) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.184305 · Cited by 76
Cheng, Z., Bougher, T., Bai, T., Wang, S. Y., Li, C., Yates, L., Foley, B. M., Goorsky, M., Cola, B. A., Faili, F., et al. (2018) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b16812 · Cited by 76
Schmidt, A. J. (2013) · Annual Review of Heat Transfer · doi:10.1615/annualrevheattransfer.v16.60 · Cited by 74
A 3 omega method to measure an arbitrary anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor
Mishra, V., Hardin, C. L., Garay, J. E., & Dames, C. (2015) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4918800 · Cited by 73
Thermal boundary conductance across metal-gallium nitride interfaces from 80 to 450 K
Donovan, B. F., Szwejkowski, C. J., Duda, J. C., Cheaito, R., Gaskins, J. T., Peter Yang, C.-Y., Constantin, C., Jones, R. E., & Hopkins, P. E. (2014) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4902233 · Cited by 72
Highland, M., Gundrum, B. C., Koh, Y. K., Averback, R. S., Cahill, D. G., Elarde, V. C., Coleman, J. J., Walko, D. A., & Landahl, E. C. (2007) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.075337 · Cited by 71
Ultrafast demagnetization of FePt:Cu thin films and the role of magnetic heat capacity
Kimling, J., Kimling, J., Wilson, R. B., Hebler, B., Albrecht, M., & Cahill, D. G. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.224408 · Cited by 71
Braun, J. L., Szwejkowski, C. J., Giri, A., & Hopkins, P. E. (2017) · ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.4038713 · Cited by 69
Jiang, P., Qian, X., & Yang, R. (2018) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.5029971 · Cited by 68
Self-citationThermal conductivity of epitaxial layers of dilute SiGe alloys
Cahill, D. G., Watanabe, F., Rockett, A., & Vining, C. B. (2005) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.71.235202 · Cited by 67
Cheaito, R., Polanco, C. A., Addamane, S., Zhang, J., Ghosh, A. W., Balakrishnan, G., & Hopkins, P. E. (2018) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.97.085306 · Cited by 67
Jiang, P., Huang, B., & Koh, Y. K. (2016) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4954969 · Cited by 66
Self-citationHigh temperature thermal management with boron nitride nanosheets
Wang, Y., Xu, L., Yang, Z., Xie, H., Jiang, P., Dai, J., Luo, W., Yao, Y., Hitz, E., Yang, R., et al. (2018) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c7nr07058f · Cited by 66
Self-citationNEAR-FIELD OPTICAL THERMOMETRY
Goodson, K. E. (1997) · Microscale Thermophysical Engineering · doi:10.1080/108939597200241 · Cited by 64
Heterodyne picosecond thermoreflectance applied to nanoscale thermal metrology
Dilhaire, S., Pernot, G., Calbris, G., Rampnoux, J. M., & Grauby, S. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3665129 · Cited by 63
Wang, L., Cheaito, R., Braun, J. L., Giri, A., & Hopkins, P. E. (2016) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4962711 · Cited by 63
Nonlocal theory for heat transport at high frequencies
Koh, Y. K., Cahill, D. G., & Sun, B. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.205412 · Cited by 60
Giri, A., Gaskins, J. T., Foley, B. M., Cheaito, R., & Hopkins, P. E. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4906553 · Cited by 58
Heat Transport between Au Nanorods, Surrounding Liquids, and Solid Supports
Park, J., Huang, J., Wang, W., Murphy, C. J., & Cahill, D. G. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp308130d · Cited by 57
Sun, B., & Koh, Y. K. (2016) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4952579 · Cited by 57
Size effect on the thermal conductivity of ultrathin polystyrene films
Líu, J., Ju, S., Ding, Y., & Yang, R. (2014) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4871737 · Cited by 56
Self-citationRegner, K. T., McGaughey, A. J. H., & Malen, J. A. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.064302 · Cited by 56
Picosecond acoustics as a non-destructive tool for the characterization of very thin films
Thomsen, C., Maris, H. J., & Tauc, J. (1987) · Thin Solid Films · doi:10.1016/0040-6090(87)90366-x · Cited by 55
Zheng, X., Cahill, D. G., Weaver, R. L., & Zhao, J. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.2988111 · Cited by 53
Ding, D., Chen, X., & Minnich, A. J. (2014) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4870811 · Cited by 51
Weber, A., Pressacco, F., Günther, S., et al. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.132412 · Cited by 51
A modular, low-cost, digital signal processor-based lock-in card for measuring optical attenuation
Barragan, L. A., Artigas, J. I., Alonso, R., et al. (2001) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1333046 · Cited by 51
Two-color subpicosecond optical sampling technique
Kafka, J. D., Pieterse, J. W., & Watts, M. L. (1992) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.17.001286 · Cited by 51
Zheng, Q., Braun, P. V., & Cahill, D. G. (2016) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.201600234 · Cited by 51
Limits to Fourier theory in high thermal conductivity single crystals
Wilson, R. B., & Cahill, D. G. (2015) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4935987 · Cited by 50
Phonon and electron contributions to the thermal conductivity of VNx epitaxial layers
Zheng, Q., Mei, A. B., Tuteja, M., Sangiovanni, D. G., Hultman, L., Petrov, I., Greene, J. E., & Cahill, D. G. (2017) · Physical Review Materials · doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.1.065002 · Cited by 50
Ma, W., Miao, T., Zhang, X., Masamichi Kohno, B., & Takata, Y. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp512735k · Cited by 49
Role of Remote Interfacial Phonon (RIP) Scattering in Heat Transport Across Graphene/SiO2 Interfaces
Koh, Y. K., Lyons, A. S., Bae, M., Huang, B., Dorgan, V. E., Cahill, D. G., & Pop, E. (2016) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01709 · Cited by 49
Analytical Green's function of the multidimensional frequency-dependent phonon Boltzmann equation
Hua, C., & Minnich, A. J. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.214306 · Cited by 46
Thermal conduction in lattice–matched superlattices of InGaAs/InAlAs
Sood, A., Rowlette, J. A., Caneau, C. G., Bozorg-Grayeli, E., Asheghi, M., & Goodson, K. E. (2014) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4892575 · Cited by 44
Ultrafast laser-induced coherent spin dynamics in ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxAs/GaAs structures
Qi, J., Xu, Y., Steigerwald, A., et al. (2009) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.085304 · Cited by 43
Yasui, T., Kawamoto, K., Hsieh, Y.-D., Sakaguchi, Y., Jewariya, M., Inaba, H., Minoshima, K., Hindle, F., & Araki, T. (2012) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.20.015071 · Cited by 42
Role of low-energy phonons with mean-free-paths >0.8 μ m in heat conduction in silicon
Jiang, P., Lindsay, L., & Koh, Y. K. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4954674 · Cited by 42
Self-citationYang, F., & Dames, C. (2015) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.165311 · Cited by 41
Anisotropic thermal transport in van der Waals layered alloys WSe2(1-x)Te2 x
Qian, X., Jiang, P., Yu, P., Gu, X., Liu, Z., & Yang, R. (2018) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.5028258 · Cited by 41
Self-citationKomarov, P. L., Burzo, M. G., Kaytaz, G., & Raad, P. E. (2003) · Microelectronics Journal · doi:10.1016/s0026-2692(03)00201-5 · Cited by 40
Phonon spectrum and specific heat of silicon nanowires
Zhang, Y., Cao, J., Xiao, Y., et al. (2007) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.2811862 · Cited by 38
Chen, J.-Y., Zhu, J., Zhang, D., Lattery, D. M., Li, M., Wang, J.-P., & Wang, X. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00945 · Cited by 38
Modeling optical absorption for thermoreflectance measurements
Yang, J., Ziade, E., & Schmidt, A. J. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4943176 · Cited by 37
Measurement of thermal conductivity in proton irradiated silicon
Khafizov, M., Yablinsky, C., Allen, T. R., & Hurley, D. H. (2014) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2014.02.003 · Cited by 36
A “2-omega” technique for measuring anisotropy of thermal conductivity
Ramu, A. T., & Bowers, J. E. (2012) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4770131 · Cited by 35
Low thermal conductivity of CsBiNb2O7 epitaxial layers
Cahill, D. G., Melville, A. J., Schlom, D. G., & Zurbuchen, M. A. (2010) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3368120 · Cited by 34
Assessment of Thermal Properties via Nanosecond Thermoreflectance Method
Garrelts, R. P., Marconnet, A. M., & Xu, X. (2015) · Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering · doi:10.1080/15567265.2015.1078425 · Cited by 34
Picosecond ultrasonic measurements using an optical cavity
Li, Y., Miao, Q., Nurmikko, A. V., & Maris, H. J. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3095470 · Cited by 33
Krahl, F., Giri, A., Tomko, J. A., Tynell, T., Hopkins, P. E., & Karppinen, M. J. (2018) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.201701692 · Cited by 32
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- 2010, Materials Science in Microelectronics I: The Relationships Between Thin Film Processing and Structure
- 2007, Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer
- 2004, Thermal Conductivity: Theory, Properties, and Applications
- A. J. Schmidt , Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008.
- 1991, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids
- 1959, Conduction of Heat in Solids
- 2000, Thermal Quadrupoles: Solving the Heat Equation Through Integral Transforms
- 2000, The Fourier Transform and Its Applications
- 2014, Length-Scale Dependent Phonon Interactions, 137
- 2002, The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Phonon-engineered extreme thermal conductivity materials
Qian, X., Zhou, J., & Chen, G. (2021) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-021-00918-3 · Cited by 872
Self-citationInterfacial thermal resistance: Past, present, and future
Chen, J., Xu, X., Zhou, J., & Li, B. (2022) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.94.025002 · Cited by 759
“In the TDTR measurement, a mode-locked laser with femtosecond pulses at an ∼ 80 MHz repeating rate and wave-lengths ranging from 632 to 1030 nm is used as the light source (Capinski and Maris, 1996; Wilson et al. , 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialA high-entropy silicide: (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2W0.2)Si2
Gild, J., Braun, J. L., Kaufmann, K., Marin, E., Harrington, T., Hopkins, P. E., Vecchio, K. S., & Luo, J. (2019) · Journal of Materiomics · doi:10.1016/j.jmat.2019.03.002 · Cited by 348
Ultrahigh thermal conductivity in isotope-enriched cubic boron nitride
Chen, K., Song, B., Ravichandran, N. K., Zheng, Q., Chen, X., Lee, H., Sun, H., Li, S., Gamage, G. A., Tian, F., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaz6149 · Cited by 337
Recent Advances in Thermal Interface Materials for Thermal Management of High-Power Electronics
Xing, W., Xu, Y., Song, C., & Deng, T. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12193365 · Cited by 197
“As for the nanoscale, thermal measurements techniques, such as scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) [105], the time-domain thermoreflectance method (TDTR) [106] and the Raman optothermal Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3365 16 of 22 technique [107], are normally used to study and measure nanoscale thin films.”
MethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Jiang, P., Qian, X., & Yang, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2018-10-28
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 16
- ISSN
- 0021-8979 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7550
- OpenAlex
- W2810725316
- Semantic Scholar
- 3d77af78da23fa45a01e27b35ff5cf4562acadfb
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 230
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 9.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0635579, 0846561, 1512776)
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (FA8650-15-1-7524, FA9550-08-1-0078, FA9550-11-1-0109, FA9550-11-C-0034)
- Small Business Innovative Research and Small Business Technology Transfer (DE-AR DE-AR0000743)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Mechanical and Thermal Properties Analysis
- Keywords
- time-domain thermoreflectance, thin films, bulk materials, ultrafast laser heating, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, phonon transport, electron transport, interfaces, energy storage and conversion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-21, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-21 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
