The DOI matches its Crossref record; 410 of the 410 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 515 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes
Open accessAbstract
The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community's understanding of chronic pain. Indeed, the biopsychosocial approach describes pain and disability as a multidimensional, dynamic integration among physiological, psychological, and social factors that reciprocally influence one another. In this article, we review two categories of studies that evaluate the contributions of psychosocial factors to the experience of chronic pain. First, we consider general psychosocial variables including distress, trauma, and interpersonal factors. Additionally, we discuss pain-specific psychosocial variables including catastrophizing, expectations, and pain-related coping. Together, we present a diverse array of psychological, social, and contextual factors and highlight the need to consider their roles in the development, maintenance, and treatment of chronic pain conditions.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These psychosocial factors then influence individual variability in pain-related outcomes.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
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In the paper
“psychosocial variables such as depression, anxiety, and distress are among the most potent and robust predictors of the transition from acute to chronic pain 13–18.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
What the sources say
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In the paper
“longitudinal, observational research supports a strong bidirectional link between mood disorders and persistent pain”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
What the sources say
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In the paper
“the development of an enduring pain condition confers a substantially increased vulnerability for the subsequent diagnosis of an affective disorder”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“trait-based positive affect may buffer maladaptive pain-related behaviors such as fear of movement62.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“state-based positive affect has been identified as a mediator of resilience in the wake of chronic pain 59–61.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There are strong prospective links between early-life traumatic experiences and the subsequent development of chronic pain 23, 24, 66–69.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > TRAUMA
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In another study of patients with chronic pain, individuals assigned to tailored positive activities reported greater improvements in pain intensity and pain control compared to those in an active control condition 65.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65] source
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In the paper
“positive affect and optimism are associated with less pain and dysfunction 57, 58.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
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In the paper
“prospective studies suggest that pre-morbid psychological dysfunction represents a risk factor for the future development of numerous chronic pain conditions including musculoskeletal pain and functional pain disorders 14, 36–39.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
- It may state two separate claims as one. 65
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Collectively, the biopsychosocial approach describes pain and disability as a multidimensional, dynamic interaction among physiological, psychological, and social factors that reciprocally influence one another, resulting in chronic and complex pain syndromes7, 12.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community’s understanding of chronic pain.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Abstract
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Historically, the concept of pain, even chronic pain, depended on a linear relationship between identifiable organic pathology and patient-reported symptoms.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Psychological factors were presumed to be primary mechanistic contributors to pain only in those cases where no identifiable pathology was present and the pain could be labeled as “psychogenic”.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In the first category, psychosocial processes either exist within an individual as pre-existing “vulnerability” factor [e.g., distress20–22, trauma23, 24] or emerge for the first time in response to the experience of ongoing pain [e.g., fear-avoidance behavior 25, self-efficacy26, 27].”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the report of pain is always subjective, influenced by a broad range of cognitive, behavioral, and affective constructs and processes.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“specific psychosocial characteristics place individuals at elevated risk for the transition from acute to persistent pain, or for the development of pain-related disability in the context of a persisting pain condition 15, 22, 28, 29.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The second category of mechanistic study involves delivery of some type of pain-related intervention that is hypothesized to directly affect a psychological factor, presuming that changing that psychosocial factor (e.g., reducing distress, improving pain-coping, etc) will be associated with a subsequent change in one or more pain-related outcomes.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and consequently treatment of the patient with persistent pain requires a broad strategy that examines and incorporates a wide range of psychosocial and behavioral factors in addition to, but not to the exclusion of, biomedical ones.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“patients in the upper half of the distribution of pre-operative depression scores were approximately ⅓ less likely to return to work and, among those who did return, took nearly twice as long post-operatively to begin working again 56.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [56] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“results of a 20-month longitudinal study indicate that depression and anxiety longitudinally predict pain and pain-related disability, however neither pain nor pain-related disability predicted depression and anxiety 21.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“PAIs are aimed at raising positive feelings, cognitions, and behaviors rather than reducing negative ones63.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [63] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Dispositional optimism has not only been linked to lower pain sensitivity, but a recent study by Hanssen and colleagues identified that optimism improves pain intensity through its effects on reducing situational pain catastrophizing 57.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > AFFECTIVE FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [57] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These variables are not condition-specific; indeed most have been studied across diagnostic categories with similar results.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Introduction
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several studies found that patients reporting positive general social support but lacking solicitous responses to pain were less likely to develop persistent phantom limb pain post-amputation and report lower levels of physical dysfunction 85, 107, 109.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Guillory and colleagues101 found that a text message-based social support intervention was effective in reducing pain severity and interference and increasing positive affect.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [101] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“experimental pain studies that demonstrate receiving social support during a pain task not only attenuates blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol reactivity, but is also associated with reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings and increased pain threshold 98–100.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“According to a metaanalysis of 23 studies, more than 50% of people diagnosed with TBI report chronic pain complaints 80, likely due to the associated physical injuries at the time of the TBI81.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > TRAUMA
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It remains unclear whether the association between trauma and later chronic pain is the result of the trauma or is driven by affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses to the traumatic event (e.g. fear and avoidance).”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > TRAUMA
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“there is significant comorbidity as well as symptom convergence between PTSD and TBI 82–84.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > TRAUMA
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“some childhood stressful events such as prolonged hospitalization are associated with chronic pain in adulthood while childhood surgery conferred no additional risk, despite the likelihood that surgery is a painful and distressing experience for children 67.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > TRAUMA
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [67] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“PTSD, a psychiatric condition resulting from exposure to a traumatic event and characterized by hyperarousal, avoidance, and reexperiencing, is not only a risk factor for chronic pain 71, 72, but is associated with increased risk for the transition from acute to chronic pain.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > TRAUMA
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] source
- Not checked yetcites [72]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to the stress-buffering hypothesis, negative consequences of stressors on health outcomes can be buffered by social support 86.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [86] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“parental pain catastrophizing is strongly related to the development of children’s persistent pain following major surgery 115, and to the child’s disability 116.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“compared to males, females demonstrate a decreased threshold and tolerance for pain and increased pain intensity and unpleasantness for heat, cold, ischemic, and pressure pain 150, 161–164”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Such discordance is likely to be common, especially in light of the “invisible” nature of pain, and it can have deleterious effects on patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment regimens 147.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [147] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Lack of social support at work, dissatisfaction with co-workers, and interactions with the disability compensation system are among the most potent predictors of pain-related work disability 89, 131, 132.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“musculoskeletal pain, rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal, neuropathic, facial pain and headache are all more prevalent among females compared to males 156–160.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Individuals with anxious or insecure attachment styles are at elevated risk for poorer mental and physical health 128, for reduced engagement in physical activity 129, and for less treatment- related improvement in affective outcomes among patients participating in a multidisciplinary treatment program 130.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a review, Unruh 155 found that, compared to men, women are more likely to experience recurrent pain, more severe pain, more frequent pain, and longer-lasting pain.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [155] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Anxiety, which is associated with increased clinical pain and experimental pain sensitivity 161, 207”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Compared with males, females demonstrate increased sensitivity to pain-induced muscle reflexes 165 and show increased pupil dilation 166 as well as amplified cerebral activation in response to pain 167.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Compared to males, females exhibit a more pronounced temporal summation response 172–174 suggesting differences in the central processing of nociceptive stimuli.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several studies indicate the DNIC response is more pronounced in males than females, suggesting better functioning of the endogenous pain inhibitory system among males 176–178.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“women show a higher μ opioid receptor binding at rest while men exhibit greater μ- opioid receptor binding in response to experimentally induced pain 192”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [192] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Males often adopt the masculine gender norm of increased pain tolerance while females adopt a norm accepting pain as a normal part of life 193.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [193] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“has been suggested as a potential mediator of sex differences in pain sensitivity 208.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [208]
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Using the Gender Role Expectation of Pain (GREP) questionnaire, Robinson and colleagues found that women were considered more sensitive to pain, less enduring of pain, and more willing to report pain compared to men 194, 198, 200.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“a recent study demonstrated that males endorsing greater masculine gender traits are more likely to participate pain studies, offering a potential explanation for sex differences in pain responses 199.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [199] source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“studies demonstrating similar prevalence across prepubescent males and females for conditions such as migraine and temporomandibular disorders with differences in prevalence emerging after puberty 149, 182–184.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“sex differences in pain threshold were no longer significant after controlling for willingness to report pain and sex differences in temporal summation of heat pain was partially mediated by willingness to report pain 200.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [200]
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, it remains unclear whether depression mediates the sex differences in pain perception.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“several studies have shown that anxiety is positively correlated with pain sensitivity among males, but not females 211, 212”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Depression, which is highly comorbid with pain, is also more prevalent in women than men; among individuals with depression, women are more likely to report pain complaints than men 213, 214”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > SEX AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [213] source
- Not checked yetcites [214]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Black individuals are more prone than non-Hispanic Whites to experience hypertension and show cardiovascular reactivity to pain, which may, in turn, influence their pain perception 230.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [230] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Approximately 20% of individuals with chronic pain also have depression, while less than 7% of the general population experiences this disorder, and these findings hold not just for the U.S. but around the world 231–235.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Similar findings have been noted for Asian Americans, who report a greater intensity of daily joint pain than non-Hispanic whites, and who demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to thermal and mechanical pain stimuli applied in a laboratory setting 225, 226.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling 237–241.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Beyond psychological distress, pain-specific factors such as appraisals, expectations, and coping are also related to pain sensitivity and may influence the race differences observed in the pain experience.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Multiple published studies have suggested that a greater degree of perceived daily racial discrimination is associated with elevated rates of chronic pain and enhanced sensitivity to pain in the laboratory among samples of African-American participants 252–254.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“An abundance of evidence links depression and anxiety to chronic pain and increased pain sensitivity 11, 13, 32, 41.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition to the socioeconomic strain often associated with minority status, Black individuals are frequently exposed to racism 248–250.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although Blacks are less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to report experiencing depression and anxiety, the chronicity of Major Depressive Disorder is higher among Black individuals than Caucasians, and Black patients are less likely to receive effective treatment and more likely than Whites to rate their depression as severe and disabling 237–241.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Black individuals demonstrate a lower tolerance and report higher pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings than non-Hispanic Whites during experimental pain tasks 162, 221–224”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another hypothesis relates to sociocultural factors that cause chronic stress, especially in Black individuals.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > General Psychosocial Factors > RACE AS A CONTRIBUTING PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTOR
Tests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“catastrophizing is associated with higher pain levels, poorer physical functioning and disability, and increased pain interference 13, 32, 278, 279.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > PAIN COPING
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Likewise, hoping and praying is also correlated with higher levels of disability, more pain interference, and increased pain severity 280–283.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > PAIN COPING
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“recent evidence suggests that catastrophizing may be the principal psychosocial driver of persistent pain symptoms, statistically mediating the prospective influence of factors such as anxiety on post-operative pain outcomes 302.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > CATASTROPHIZING
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [302] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Active coping strategies, for example, have been linked to positive affect, better psychological adjustment, and decreased depression while passive strategies are linked to poorer outcomes such as increased pain and depression 258, 267–270.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > PAIN COPING
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Differences in pain coping are associated with differences in pain intensity, adjustment to chronic pain, and psychological and physical functioning 85, 263–266.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > PAIN COPING
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Further, catastrophizing is a risk factor for the development of chronic pain, pain-related disability, increased healthcare costs, and increased pain sensitivity for low back pain and joint pain 13.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > CATASTROPHIZING
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Vlaeyen and colleagues suggest that avoidance behavior persists due to certain beliefs, such as catastrophic cognitions 25, 337, 338.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > CATASTROPHIZING
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Pain-related expectations also influence the experience of pain as well as treatment outcomes.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > EXPECTATIONS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“both solicitous and punishing responses to pain are associated with higher pain intensity 108 and increased depressive symptoms 106, 340, suggesting these social factors may be a mechanism by which catastrophizing affects pain outcomes.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > CATASTROPHIZING
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Generalized positive outcome expectancy, or dispositional optimism 348–350, is related to increased feelings of control, the use of more active coping strategies, and better functional performance 91, 351–353.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > EXPECTATIONS
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“associations between catastrophizing and perceived solicitous responses 339, 340, 343, perceived instrumental support 103, and perceived critical responses to pain 106 have been observed.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > CATASTROPHIZING
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Expectations are related to overall well-being and the development of chronic pain and are also a critical component of responses to treatment for both placebo and active treatments 346,347.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > EXPECTATIONS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“in a recent analysis of large acupuncture trials revealed that both patient and provider expectations for treatment success were strong predictors of response, with better pretreatment expectations predicting improved post-treatment pain and physical functioning 362, 364.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > EXPECTATIONS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In samples of adults and children with chronic headaches, pain-related self-efficacy is associated with less disability, better functioning, and fewer depressive symptoms 370, 371.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > SELF-EFFICACY
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Self-efficacy, or an individual’s belief in his ability to perform a behavior or achieve a desired outcome 26, 273, determines thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in stressful situations and affects one’s ability to cope successfully when confronted with challenges 367, 368.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > SELF-EFFICACY
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pain-related self-efficacy, a protective factor for patients with persistent pain and a resiliency factorfor children, adolescents, and adults with chronic pain 270, predicts functional pain outcomes.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > SELF-EFFICACY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [270] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A growing number of neuroimaging studies have suggested that variability in catastrophizing is associated with individual differences in the functional brain response to a variety of stimuli, as well as potential alterations in brain morphology 359, 384, 387, 389–395.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > PAIN-RELATED CNS PATHWAYS
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Likewise, Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has similar effects on self-efficacy, with no significant differences between CBT and MBSR in their effect on improving self-efficacy 376”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > SELF-EFFICACY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [376] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is important to acknowledge that psychological and social factors are not solely secondary reactions to persistent pain; rather, they form an interactive complex of biopsychosocial processes that characterizes chronic pain.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > CONCLUSIONS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study in patients with chronic low back pain reported that patients had exaggerated and abnormal amygdala connectivity with central executive network structures, and this connectivity was most exaggerated in patients with the greatest pain catastrophizing 385.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > PAIN-RELATED CNS PATHWAYS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [385] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, the context in which individuals reside will also have an important role.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > CONCLUSIONS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“negative affective responses to pain, and pain-related catastrophizing are as prominent in adolescent patients 400–402”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > PAIN-RELATED CNS PATHWAYS
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“a very recent study in patients with fibromyalgia reported reduced connectivity between periaqueductal gray (a critical hub for pain-inhibitory circuits) and prefrontal regions, and the patients highest in catastrophizing showed the highest degree of anti-correlation between these regions 395.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > Pain-Specific Psychosocial Constructs > PAIN-RELATED CNS PATHWAYS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [395] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since chronic pain persists overtime, each of these areas will, in turn, affect the experience and reporting of pain and related symptoms.”
§ Evaluating Psychosocial Contributions to Chronic Pain Outcomes > CONCLUSIONS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Race has a significant role in how pain develops and is experienced.
“Race, which plays an important role in the development and experience of pain, should always be considered when assessing psychosocial factors related to pain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The existing pain literature has mostly studied differences between Black and White individuals.
“Although there is considerable racial diversity throughout the United States, the current pain literature has primarily examined race differences between Black and White individuals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Racial minority groups are often combined in research, which restricts the conclusions that can be made.
“Further, racial minority groups are frequently grouped together (e.g. non-White, Asian/other) in the literature, limiting any conclusions that otherwise could be drawn.”
The paper relies on this without support.
How a person appraises pain can affect their pain-related responses.
“Such pain appraisals can, in turn, impact pain related responses.”
The paper relies on this without support.
People with chronic pain may avoid everyday activities that make their pain worse.
“Individuals with chronic pain may avoid daily activities that increase pain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
If avoidance continues past the normal healing period, physical deconditioning can cause more pain and discomfort during later activities.
“However, when this avoidance occurs beyond the expected healing time for an injury, they may experience physical deconditioning which leads to increased pain and discomfort when performing future activities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Deconditioning and worse pain then lead to more avoidance.
“The deconditioning and worsened pain then results in increased avoidance.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Behavioral intervention strategies that are grounded in the biopsychosocial theory of pain7, and target psychosocial factors thought to contribute to persistent pain in interaction with underlying central neurobiological processing and peripheral afferent inputs6, 8–11, may be especially well suited to ameliorate PSP among breast cancer suvivors6, 8.”
From Improving well-being for individuals with persistent pain after surgery for breast cancer, lobular carcinoma in situ, or ductal carcinoma in situ: A randomized clinical trial (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The increased anxiety symptoms observed in adults with HSD and hEDS align with the anxiety seen in other chronic pain populations, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis.65, 66, 67, 68”
From Role of Anxiety in Individuals with Generalized Joint Hypermobility: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“But chronic pain is a complex phenomenon that includes psychological and social components in addition to biological components (bio-psycho-social model).[2]”
From Mindfulness influences the psycho-social dimension of chronic pain: A randomized controlled clinical trial in Indian context (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Meints, S. M., & Edwards, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Meints, S.M.
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- Pt B
- Pages
- 168-182
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6067990
- OpenAlex
- W2789899473
- Cited by
- 719
- References
- 410
- Citations by year
- 2026: 124 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (T32 AR055855)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- chronic pain, biopsychosocial model, psychosocial factors, pain catastrophizing, pain coping, distress, trauma, interpersonal factors, disability, pain maintenance
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Pain Measurement, Catastrophization, Chronic Pain
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