The DOI matches its Crossref record; 148 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 198 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis
Open accessAbstract
Endometriosis is histologically characterized by the displacement of endometrial tissue to extrauterine locations including the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, and bowel. An important cause of infertility and pelvic pain, the individual and global socioeconomic burden of endometriosis is significant. Laparoscopy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of the condition. However, the invasive nature of surgery, coupled with the lack of a laboratory biomarker for the disease, results in a mean latency of 7–11 years from onset of symptoms to definitive diagnosis. Unfortunately, the delay in diagnosis may have significant consequences in terms of disease progression. The discovery of a sufficiently sensitive and specific biomarker for the nonsurgical detection of endometriosis promises earlier diagnosis and prevention of deleterious sequelae and represents a clear research priority. In this review, we describe and discuss the current status of biomarkers of endometriosis in plasma, urine, and endometrium.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This narrative review concludes that no single biomarker or panel has been validated for noninvasive detection of endometriosis, and laparoscopy remains the diagnostic gold standard. It surveys blood, urine, and endometrial candidates, highlighting promising but largely unvalidated panels and the need for Phase II/III validation.
Key findings
- Laparoscopy remains the gold standard, contributing to a mean latency of 7–11 years from symptom onset to definitive diagnosis; no blood biomarker or panel has been validated for clinical use.
- CA-125 meta-analysis showed 50% sensitivity and 72% specificity for stage I–IV endometriosis, and 60% sensitivity with 80% specificity for stage III–IV disease; CA-125 is not specific because it is also elevated in ovarian cancer.
- Several candidate panels report high accuracy but remain unvalidated, e.g. CA-125 + CA-19-9 + survivin mRNA had 87% sensitivity and a 10% false-positive rate; CA-125 + CCR1 mRNA + MCP-1 had 92.2% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity; a 4-marker panel (CA-125, VEGF, Annexin V, glycodelin/sICAM-1) showed 74–94% sensitivity and 55–75% specificity after initial validation.
- Endometrial nerve fiber detection by PGP9.5 showed 98% sensitivity and 83% specificity in a double-blind pipelle study, but a clinical laboratory adoption detected nerve fibers in 9/45 (22%) histologically confirmed endometriosis cases and 6/21 (29%) women without endometriosis, raising specificity concerns.
Methods
- Narrative review of the current status of endometriosis biomarkers in plasma, urine, and endometrium, framed by the four phases of biomarker development (Phase I preclinical discovery through Phase IV commercialization).
- Synthesizes published studies and reported diagnostic performance metrics; no new primary data, systematic search strategy, or meta-analysis is described.
- Main analysis is qualitative synthesis of candidate biomarkers, including glycoproteins, cytokines, oxidative stress markers, cell adhesion/invasion factors, angiogenesis markers, hormones, autoantibodies, miRNAs, proteomics, metabolomics, cell-free DNA, cell populations, urine markers, and endometrial markers.
Limitations
- Stated in the paper: most endometriosis biomarker studies remain at Phase I, only a few reach Phase II, and Phase III/IV has not been reached; no noninvasive test is commercially available or validated.
- Stated in the paper: common limitations include small sample size, suboptimal specimen characterization (e.g., no breakdown by menstrual phase or lesion phenotype), inconsistent sample handling/storage, and lack of reproducibility; proteomic technologies are costly, time-consuming, and need better standardization.
- Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it does not use a systematic search or formal quality appraisal, and it relies on heterogeneous studies with differing assays, sample types, cycle phases, and populations, which limits comparability of reported sensitivities and specificities.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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In the paper
“CA-125 combined with interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) in the secretory phase had a sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 71.1% in a study performed by Mihalyi and coworkers [36].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In addition to this lack of specificity, the sensitivity to detect all endometriosis stages is low [31].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Product development by industry, which has not yet been done successfully for noninvasive endometriosis biomarkers.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 2. Diagnostic Test for Endometriosis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Unfortunately, the delay in diagnosis may have significant consequences in terms of disease progression.”
- Also stated in: § 1. Background · boosted
“Delayed diagnosis and treatment has significant consequences, as endometriosis is more advanced in women whose diagnostic laparoscopy is delayed, supporting progression of disease over time [13].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § 1. Background · boosted
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Despite extensive research, no single biomarker nor a panel of biomarkers in peripheral blood has been validated as a diagnostic test for endometriosis [17, 20].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“A panel of CA-125, chemokine receptor (CCR) type-1 mRNA, and monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP) 1 showed a sensitivity of 92.2% and specificity of 81.6% to detect endometriosis [40].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [40] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A clinically reliable test for endometriosis can be expected to have a profound impact on reduction of health care and individual costs by [18]reducing time to diagnosis and the time wasted to see numerous health care professionals;subsequently reducing the time before individualized specialist care is invoked;subsequently reducing expensive hit-and-miss treatments;subsequently reducing expensive”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 2. Diagnostic Test for Endometriosis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] 2014
- Not checked yetcites [25] 2008
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“longitudinal placebo-controlled trials with second look laparoscopy have demonstrated that 71–83% of untreated lesions will progress or remain stable over a 12-month period [14].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] 1994, Fertility and Sterility source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, all these results remain to be validated.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“According to a meta-analysis by Mol et al., the sensitivity for stage I–IV endometriosis was 50% and specificity was 72%.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 43
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
In the paper
“A recent study showed a significant increase of CA-125 (P = 0.001), CA-19-9 (P = 0.015), and CA-15-3 (P = 0.017) in endometriosis cases (n = 50) versus controls (n = 35) [42].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, CA-125 is not specific for endometriosis, being a tumor marker elevated in ovarian cancer [37, 38].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Overall, most endometriosis biomarker studies have remained at the level of Phase I [23] and only a few have made it to Phase II studies.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 2. Diagnostic Test for Endometriosis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although there is consensus in the World Endometriosis Society that the development of a reliable noninvasive test is one of the top research priorities in endometriosis [11, 21]”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 2. Diagnostic Test for Endometriosis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“endometriosis is more advanced in women whose diagnostic laparoscopy is delayed, supporting progression of disease over time [13].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Since the extensive review of May et al., 2010, research in endometriosis biomarkers has accomplished the successful validation of biomarkers in an independent sample dataset [24], but still no test for endometriosis is commercially available.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Blood is an interesting potential source of biomarkers because it allows repeated measurements, is easily obtained, and is highly suitable for high-throughput measurements [29].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, a non- or semi-invasive test would not only reduce the cost associated with endometriosis but also improve the quality of life of women with endometriosis by allowing early diagnosis.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 2. Diagnostic Test for Endometriosis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ozhan et al. stated that a panel consisting of CA-125, syntaxin-5, and laminin-1 had 90% sensitivity, 70% specificity, and 88.7% accuracy to distinguish endometriosis patients (n = 60) from controls (n = 20) [41].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This delay in diagnosis is due, in part, to presumptive treatment of pain with oral contraceptives (OCPs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as reluctance of physicians to refer women to gynecologists for definitive diagnosis, reluctance of women to confront their own pain for fear of a cancer diagnosis, and dismissal of pain, especially dysmenorrhea, as a “normal” event [”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 1. Background
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Another ovarian tumor marker, CA-19-9, has been shown to be elevated in endometriosis and has a comparable or lower sensitivity than CA-125 for the detection of endometriosis [23].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“CA-125 has been measured simultaneously with urocortin [34], chlamydia antibody [35], CD23 [39], and inflammatory cytokines [32]. However, none of these combinations provided a sufficiently high sensitivity or specificity for endometriosis and results remained unvalidated.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a study conducted by Signorile and Baldi, Zinc (Zn)-alpha2-glycoprotein was identified by mass spectrometry (endometriosis cases n = 5, controls n = 5) as a possible biomarker for endometriosis and confirmed by ELISA to be differentially expressed (P = 0.019) in an additional cohort of endometriosis patients (n = 120) and healthy controls (n = 20) [45].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A different study assessing glycodelin A found a significant increase in serum of women with endometrioma (n = 57) compared with control women undergoing sterilization or having benign ovarian cysts (n = 42) and demonstrated the potential use of glycodelin A as a biomarker for ovarian endometriosis with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a sensitivity of 78.4% [47].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Follistatin, an inhibitor of activin, has been shown to be increased in endometriosis patients [23], especially in a subgroup of patients with ovarian endometrioma, and showed good sensitivity and specificity [43].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a study by the same group, the inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in patients with endometriosis (n = 53) compared with patients without endometriosis (n = 35) and a positive correlation with disease severity was detected [53].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.2. Immunological Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In peripheral blood, IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES showed potential as a biomarker, being significantly increased in endometriosis cases versus controls in, respectively, 46.1%, 50%, and 75% of the assessed studies [54].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.2. Immunological Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [54] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Reported sensitivity was 69.4% and specificity was 100% [45].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.1. Glycoproteins
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 120Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a study by Vodolazkaia et al., univariate analysis showed the differential expression of several cytokines and chemokines in 232 women with endometriosis and 121 controls [24]. However, no cytokines or chemokines were included in the final proposed panel of biomarkers after multivariate analysis [24].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.2. Immunological Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 232Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a study by Chen et al., PEDF was significantly decreased in women with endometriosis (n = 43) compared with women without endometriosis (n = 28), independent of the phase of the cycle and correlated with pain symptoms [71].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.5. Angiogenesis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Contrasting evidence exists on prolactin, leptin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and adiponectin levels in endometriosis patients versus controls, showing either no difference, an increase (prolactin, leptin LH) or a decrease (adiponectin) [23, 75, 76].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.6. Hormones
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Elevations of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), angiogenin, and soluble Flt-I (VEGFR-1) in serum of women with endometriosis have all been recorded [23].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.5. Angiogenesis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Additionally, serum anti-PDIK1L [77] and anti-syntaxin 5 autoantibodies [78] were reported elevated in endometriosis patients.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.7. Autoantibodies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was suggested to be elevated in women with endometriosis [72], although this was not confirmed in an additional study [23, 73].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.5. Angiogenesis
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Additionally, the potential use of circulating angiogenic cells as biomarkers for endometriosis has been examined, but no difference between endometriosis patients and controls could be detected [98].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.12. Cell Populations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These studies have shown promising results; however, proteomics technologies are costly and time-consuming [23], and there is a need for better standardization and reproducibility of proteomic technologies before they can be used reliably in clinical research projects [17].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.9. Proteomics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Reduced plasma levels of miR-17-5p, miR-20a, and miR-22 [86] and elevated plasma levels of miR-16, miR-191, and miR-195 [87] have been found in women with endometriosis compared with women without endometriosis.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.8. miRNA
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Both total immunoglobulin levels and antiendometrial antibodies have been investigated as potential biomarkers for endometriosis of which the latter showed the most promising results, being more commonly present in endometriosis patients than in controls [23].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 3. Blood Biomarkers > 3.7. Autoantibodies
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Though legitimizing urine as a diagnostic medium, this finding also suggests potential for reduced specificity, and it will be important to assess the ability of a urinary assay to differentiate endometriosis from other inflammatory conditions.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 4. Urine Biomarkers
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This finding highlights both the prospect for miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of endometrial disorders and the importance of accounting for menstrual cycle phase in the interpretation of miRNA profiles in biomarker discovery protocols.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Relative to blood, urine evidences a significantly narrower dynamic range of proteins, thereby allowing more rapid preparation of specimens for proteomic interrogation.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 4. Urine Biomarkers
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [105] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A systematic review of over 200 potential endometrial biomarkers, including hormones and their receptors (n = 29), cytokines (n = 25), factors identified through proteomics (n = 8), and histology (n = 10) revealed sensitivity and specificity (reported in only 32 articles) ranging from 0 to 100% [113].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [113] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“First, the endometrium evidences remarkable sex steroid-driven cyclic variation and regenerative capacity.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [109] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Additionally, the urine proteome is relatively stable for up to six hours at room temperature and for over 17 years stored at −70°C [105].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 4. Urine Biomarkers
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [105] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MicroRNAs (miRNAs) evidence differential expression in the endometrium of women with versus without endometriosis and therefore offer potential as an endometriosis biomarker.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Interestingly, the dysregulation of miRNAs was cycle phase independent, though the relatively small sample size limited definitive correlation.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [121] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 7Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nerve fibers were first detected in peritoneal endometriotic lesions and these were thought to contribute to associated dysmenorrhea [137].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.4. Neuronal Marker
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [137] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Functional endometrial layer nerve fibers assessed by PGP9.5 immunostaining were detected in 9 of 45 (22%) of histologically confirmed cases of endometriosis and in 6 of 21 (29%) of women without endometriosis.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.4. Neuronal Marker
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [143] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This group further compared miRNA expression in women with mild and severe endometriosis and found increased endometrial expression of miR-21 and DICER in the more advanced stage of the disease [126].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [126] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These studies highlight molecular pathways that may be associated with the development of endometriosis as well as the changes in expression signature that exist in ectopically located endometrial tissue.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other miRNAs and predicted cognate mRNAs demonstrating differential expression in eutopic endometrium from women with and without endometriosis include miR-23a/CYP19A1 and miR-542-3p/COX2 [128], miR-126/CRK [129] and miR23a/NR5A1 [130].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
What the sources say
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The specificity of endometrial nerve fiber density was further challenged by the finding of similar endometrial innervation and neuronal growth fibers in women with adenomyosis, with expression reported to be more correlated with pelvic pain than diagnosis [144].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.4. Neuronal Marker
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [144] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The adoption of validated, internationally agreed upon standard operating procedures (SOPs) for tissue sample collection, processing and storage, and standardized phenotypic and other patient data collection, are crucial to optimise sample quality, reduce variability, and enable cross-centre studies [17, 113, 148].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 6. Standard Operating Procedures
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“A more recent study revealed 156 miRNAs differentially expressed between endometriotic tissue and normal endometrium, including twelve miRNAs known to be involved in fibrinolysis and angiogenesis [124].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [124] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Many centres worldwide have been collecting blood or other body fluids such as peritoneal fluid, endometrial fluid, and menstrual fluid, as well as tissue samples—in particular ectopic and eutopic endometrium—from women with and without endometriosis, for a variety of research purposes [145–147].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 6. Standard Operating Procedures
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In a study of sharp curettage and full thickness hysterectomy specimens, PGP9.5 immunostained nerve fibers were detected in the functional endometrial layer from all women with surgically confirmed endometriosis but none of the specimens from unaffected controls, and this finding was cycle phase independent [139].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.4. Neuronal Marker
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [139] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To date, the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers for endometriosis has not been specifically tested.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Notably, the reports of miR-23a expression in eutopic endometrium from women with and without endometriosis showed opposite directions of dysregulation, with one study involving proliferative endometrial specimens and the other including only early to midsecretory samples.”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 5. Endometrial Biomarkers > 5.2. MicroRNAs
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recently, the World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF) Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project (EPHect) has developed a consensus on standardisation and harmonisation of phenotypic surgical/clinical data and biologic sample collection methods in endometriosis research [146, 147, 149, 150].”
§ Update on Biomarkers for the Detection of Endometriosis > 6. Standard Operating Procedures
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
MALDI-TOF does not allow direct identification of peptides or proteins that are differentially synthesized or secreted.
“Importantly, MALDI-TOF does not allow direct identification of peptides or proteins that are differentially synthesized or secreted, which is fundamental to further validation and clinical assay development, although protein pattern recognition holds promise for the future.”
The paper relies on this without support.
SELDI-TOF MS methodology provides differential proteomic profiles in the form of mass/charge (m/z) peaks without attendant characterization of the peptides or proteins.
“Importantly, the SELDI-TOF MS methodology provides differential proteomic profiles in the form of mass/charge (m/z) peaks without attendant characterization of the peptides or proteins.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The studies showed that a panel of cytokines, rather than a single biomarker, improve sensitivity and specificity values, with some panels showing the ability to discriminate between different stages of disease.”
From Biomarkers in endometriosis: Challenges and opportunities (2017) · cites this paper as [71]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Reported panel accuracy does not match sensitivity, specificity, and group sizes
MajorWith 60 patients and 20 controls, 90% sensitivity gives 54 correct patient classifications and 70% specificity gives 14 correct control classifications. Overall accuracy is therefore 68/80, or 85%, not 88.7%. The check repeats 90 three times to represent the 3:1 patient-to-control ratio.
Reported 88.7 · recomputed 85
“Ozhan et al. stated that a panel consisting of CA-125, syntaxin-5, and laminin-1 had 90% sensitivity, 70% specificity, and 88.7% accuracy to distinguish endometriosis patients (n = 60) from controls (n = 20) [41].”
Nine of 45 cases is 20%, not 22%
MinorThe stated count gives 9/45 = 20%. The nearby figure of 6/21 = 29% is consistent with rounding.
Reported 22 · recomputed 20
“Functional endometrial layer nerve fibers assessed by PGP9.5 immunostaining were detected in 9 of 45 (22%) of histologically confirmed cases of endometriosis and in 6 of 21 (29%) of women without endometriosis.”
Two different sensitivities are given for glycodelin A
MinorThe sentence assigns two different sensitivity values to glycodelin A for the same stated diagnostic use, without distinguishing the measures.
“a sensitivity of 82.1%”
“a sensitivity of 78.4%”
Citations
Cites
2 retracted
Pan, Q., Luo, X., Toloubeydokhti, T., & Chegini, N. (2007) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gam063 · Cited by 261 · cited 1×
“In contrast to studies comparing miRNA expression in eutopic versus ectopic endometrium, relatively few studies have compared miRNA expression in eutopic endometrium from women with and without surgically confirmed endometriosis [120, 125, 126].”
RetractedThe Expression and Ovarian Steroid Regulation of Endometrial Micro-RNAs
Toloubeydokhti, T., Pan, Q., Luo, X., Bukulmez, O., & Chegini, N. (2008) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719108324132 · Cited by 83 · cited 1×
“Other miRNAs and predicted cognate mRNAs demonstrating differential expression in eutopic endometrium from women with and without endometriosis include miR-23a/CYP19A1 and miR542-3p/COX2 [128], miR-126/CRK [129] andmiR23a/NR5A1 [130].”
RetractedMicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions
Bartel, D. P. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.002 · Cited by 20,068 · cited 1×
“For example, most miRNA are able to regulate several hundred transcripts and several miRNA often regulate the same mRNA target [82].”
miRBase: tools for microRNA genomics
Griffiths‐Jones, S., Saini, H. K., van Dongen, S., & Enright, A. J. (2007) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkm952 · Cited by 4,432 · cited 1×
“With over 2200 distinct miRNAs identified to date, miRNA regulatory mechanisms are redundant, overlapping, and complex [81].”
Giudice, L. C., & Kao, L. C. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17403-5 · Cited by 3,166
Self-citationSampson, J. A. (1927) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)30003-x · Cited by 2,334
Giudice, L. C. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1000274 · Cited by 1,924
Self-citationEskenazi, B., & Warner, M. L. (1997) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70302-8 · Cited by 1,617
Nnoaham, K. E., Hummelshoj, L., Webster, P., d’Hooghe, T., de Cicco Nardone, F., de Cicco Nardone, C., Jenkinson, C., Kennedy, S. H., & Zondervan, K. T. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.090 · Cited by 1,584 · cited 2×
“Endometriosis is a major cause of disability and significantly compromised quality of life in women and adolescents [3].”
Self-citationSimoens, S., Dunselman, G., Dirksen, C., Hummelshoj, L., Bokor, A., Brandes, I., Brodszky, V., Canis, M., Colombo, G. L., DeLeire, T., et al. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des073 · Cited by 1,070 · cited 1×
“A worldwide study of costs caused by endometriosis indicates that the average annual total costs per woman are 9579 euros, of which 66% is caused by costs for productivity loss, while medication counts for only 10% of the total yearly costs [26].”
Self-citationPearce, C. L., Templeman, C., Rossing, M. A., Lee, A., Near, A. M., Webb, P. M., Nagle, C. M., Doherty, J. A., Cushing-Haugen, K. L., Wicklund, K. G., et al. (2012) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70404-1 · Cited by 939 · cited 1×
“Endometriosis is the third leading cause of hysterectomy in the United States [15], and increasing evidence exists for the malignant transformation of ovarian endometriomas to ovarian cancer, particularly the clear cell and endometrioid subtypes [16].”
Burney, R. O., Talbi, S., Hamilton, A. E., Vo, K. C., Nyegaard, M., Nezhat, C. R., Lessey, B. A., & Giudice, L. C. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1692 · Cited by 735 · cited 1×
“At the transcript level, significant differences in gene expression exist in eutopic endometrium fromwomen with versus without endometriosis [114–117].”
Self-citationKao, L. C., Germeyer, A., Tulac, S., Lobo, S., Yang, J. P., Taylor, R. N., Osteen, K., Lessey, B. A., & Giudice, L. C. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0043 · Cited by 696 · cited 1×
“At the transcript level, significant differences in gene expression exist in eutopic endometrium fromwomen with versus without endometriosis [114–117].”
Self-citationResnick, K. E., Alder, H., Hagan, J. P., Richardson, D. L., Croce, C. M., & Cohn, D. E. (2008) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.08.036 · Cited by 647 · cited 1×
“The reduced proclivity of miRNA to degradation relative to mRNA [83] and strong correlation between tissue and serum miRNA expression evidenced in other disorders [84] are favorable features of miRNA in the context of biomarker potential.”
Ballard, K., Lowton, K., & Wright, J. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.054 · Cited by 628 · cited 1×
“This delay in diagnosis is due, in part, to presumptive treatment of pain with oral contraceptives (OCPs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as reluctance of physicians to refer women to gynecologists for definitive diagnosis, reluctance of women to confront their own pain for fear of a cancer…”
Talbi, S., Hamilton, A. E., Vo, K. C., Tulac, S., Overgaard, M. T., Dosiou, C., Le Shay, N., Nezhat, C. N., Kempson, R., Lessey, B. A., et al. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1076 · Cited by 589 · cited 1×
“Whole genome profiling of normal endometrium revealed tremendous molecular variation between samples taken from the proliferative, early-secretory, midsecretory, and late-secretory phases of the menstrual cycle [109], and this basal cyclic variation in the endometrium must be accounted for in the interpretation of end…”
Self-citationSutton, C. J. G., Ewen, S. P., Whitelaw, N., & Haines, P. (1994) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56990-8 · Cited by 525 · cited 1×
“Indeed, longitudinal placebo-controlled trials with second look laparoscopy have demonstrated that 71– 83% of untreated lesions will progress or remain stable over a 12-month period [14].”
Heritable aspects of endometriosis
Simpson, J. L., Elias, S., Malinak, L. R., & Buttram, V. C. (1980) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(80)90917-5 · Cited by 468 · cited 1×
“The risk for first degree relatives of women with severe endometriosis is six times higher than for relatives of unaffected women [8], and monozygotic twin studies demonstrate high concordance rates not only for histologically confirmed endometriosis but also for disease stage [9].”
Berkley, K. J., Rapkin, A. J., & Papka, R. E. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1111445 · Cited by 455
Peripheral biomarkers of endometriosis: a systematic review
May, K. E., Conduit-Hulbert, S. A., Villar, J., Kirtley, S., Kennedy, S. H., & Becker, C. M. (2010) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq009 · Cited by 418 · cited 13×
“Follistatin, an inhibitor of activin, has been shown to be increased in endometriosis patients [23], especially in a subgroup of patients with ovarian endometrioma, and showed good sensitivity and specificity [43].”
InfluentialLuo, N., Johnson, J. A., Shaw, J. W., Feeny, D., & Coons, S. J. (2005) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000182493.57090.c1 · Cited by 383
MicroRNA-regulated pathways associated with endometriosis
Ohlsson Teague, E. M. C., Van der Hoek, K. H., Van der Hoek, M. B., Perry, N., Wagaarachchi, P., Robertson, S. A., Print, C. G., & Hull, L. M. (2009) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2008-0387 · Cited by 357
The performance of CA-125 measurement in the detection of endometriosis: a meta-analysis
Mol, B. W. J., Bayram, N., Lijmer, J. G., Wiegerinck, M. A. H. M., Bongers, M. Y., van der Veen, F., & Bossuyt, P. M. M. (1998) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00355-0 · Cited by 355 · cited 1×
“As described earlier, different phases of biomarker discovery exist (Phase I–IV) and endometriosis biomarkers need to be validated prospectively in a clinical setting [17].”
BackgroundPriorities for Endometriosis Research: Recommendations From an International Consensus Workshop
Rogers, P. A. W., D’Hooghe, T. M., Fazleabas, A., Gargett, C. E., Giudice, L. C., Montgomery, G. W., Rombauts, L., Salamonsen, L. A., & Zondervan, K. T. (2009) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719108330568 · Cited by 346
Self-citationOn the Development of Plasma Protein Biomarkers
Surinova, S., Schiess, R., Hüttenhain, R., Cerciello, F., Wollscheid, B., & Aebersold, R. (2011) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr1008515 · Cited by 334 · cited 1×
“Although there is consensus in the World Endometriosis Society that the development of a reliable noninvasive test is one of the top research priorities in endometriosis [11, 21], the development of such a test, from initial biomarker discovery to a clinically approved biomarker assay is a long, difficult, and uncerta…”
Clarke‐Pearson, D. L., & Geller, E. J. (2013) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3182841594 · Cited by 330
Pathogenesis of endometriosis: natural immunity dysfunction or autoimmune disease?
Matarese, G., De Placido, G., Nikas, Y., & Alviggi, C. (2003) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(03)00051-0 · Cited by 315 · cited 1×
“teinases (MMPs) [62].”
Nerve fibres in peritoneal endometriosis
Tokushige, N., Markham, R., Russell, P., & Fraser, I. S. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del260 · Cited by 299 · cited 1×
“Inflammation and innervation at sites of endometriotic lesions are implicated as causes of pelvic pain [5, 6].”
Kuokkanen, S., Chen, B., Ojalvo, L., Benard, L., Santoro, N., & Pollard, J. W. (2010) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.109.081059 · Cited by 288
Functional MicroRNA Involved in Endometriosis
Hawkins, S. M., Creighton, C. J., Han, D. Y., Zariff, A., Anderson, M. L., Gunaratne, P. H., & Matzuk, M. M. (2011) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2010-0371 · Cited by 264 · cited 1×
“Similar to peritoneal disease, ovarian endometriosis evidenced differential expression of miRNAs relative to paired eutopic endometrium in several studies [122, 123].”
Burney, R. O., Hamilton, A. E., Aghajanova, L., Vo, K. C., Nezhat, C. N., Lessey, B. A., & Giudice, L. C. (2009) · MHR: Basic science of reproductive medicine · doi:10.1093/molehr/gap068 · Cited by 254 · cited 2×
“In contrast to studies comparing miRNA expression in eutopic versus ectopic endometrium, relatively few studies have compared miRNA expression in eutopic endometrium from women with and without surgically confirmed endometriosis [120, 125, 126].”
Endometrial alterations in endometriosis: a systematic review of putative biomarkers
May, K. E., Villar, J., Kirtley, S., Kennedy, S. H., & Becker, C. M. (2011) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr013 · Cited by 237 · cited 3×
“Both array-based global and targeted gene expression studies [113] have identified genes and pathways that may be involved in disease pathogenesis and reveal potential candidates for the development of an endometrialbased biomarker.”
Tokushige, N., Markham, R., Russell, P., & Fraser, I. S. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei368 · Cited by 236 · cited 1×
“5 immunostained nerve fibers were detected in the functional endometrial layer from all women with surgically confirmed endometriosis but none of the specimens from unaffected controls, and this finding was cycle phase independent [139].”
Vitonis, A. F., Vincent, K., Rahmioglu, N., Fassbender, A., Buck Louis, G. M., Hummelshoj, L., Giudice, L. C., Stratton, P., Adamson, G. D., Becker, C. M., et al. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1244 · Cited by 236 · cited 1×
“[146, 147, 149, 150] was developed on the basis of publicly”
Self-citationRenal and urinary proteomics: Current applications and challenges
Thongboonkerd, V., & Malasit, P. (2005) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200401012 · Cited by 235 · cited 1×
“represent proteins from other organ systems filtered by the kidney [100].”
Endometriosis, retrograde menstruation and peritoneal inflammation in women and in baboons
D'Hooghe, T. M. (2002) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/8.1.84 · Cited by 231 · cited 1×
“Endometriosis is histologically characterized by the displacement of endometrial tissue to extrauterine locations including the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, and bowel.”
BackgroundSelf-citationInnervation of ectopic endometrium in a rat model of endometriosis
Berkley, K. J., Dmitrieva, N., Curtis, K. S., & Papka, R. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0403663101 · Cited by 227
Rahmioglu, N., Fassbender, A., Vitonis, A. F., Tworoger, S. S., Hummelshoj, L., D'Hooghe, T. M., Adamson, G. D., Giudice, L. C., Becker, C. M., Zondervan, K. T., et al. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1208 · Cited by 227
Self-citationPractical Points in Urinary Proteomics
Thongboonkerd, V. (2007) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr070328s · Cited by 208 · cited 1×
“Additionally, the urine proteome is relatively stable for up to six hours at room temperature and for over 17 years stored at −70C [105].”
Becker, C. M., Laufer, M. R., Stratton, P., Hummelshoj, L., Missmer, S. A., Zondervan, K. T., Adamson, G. D., Adamson, G. D., Allaire, C., Anchan, R., et al. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.709 · Cited by 206 · cited 1×
“[146, 147, 149, 150] was developed on the basis of publicly”
Self-citationPlasma MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer
Suryawanshi, S., Vlad, A. M., Lin, H.-M., Mantia-Smaldone, G., Laskey, R., Lee, M., Lin, Y., Donnellan, N., Klein-Patel, M., Lee, T., et al. (2013) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2726 · Cited by 197
Wang, W.-T., Zhao, Y.-N., Han, B.-W., Hong, S.-J., & Chen, Y.-Q. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2415 · Cited by 193 · cited 1×
“A study evaluating serum miRNA levels, found an elevation of miR-199a and miR-122 and a decrease of miR145, miR-141, miR-542-3p, and miR-9 in endometriosis patients compared with controls [88].”
Prieto, L., Quesada‐Espinosa, J. F., Cambero, O., Pacheco, A., Pellicer, A., Codoceo, R., & García-Velasco, J. A. (2012) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.052 · Cited by 190 · cited 1×
“A significant reduction in serum has been reported for paroxonase (PON-I), high density lipoproteins [56], and plasma superoxide dismutase [57] and an increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, lipid peroxidises [56], 25-hydroxycholesterol [58], heat shock protein 70b (HSP70b) [59], and Vit…”
Evaluation of a panel of 28 biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis
Vodolazkaia, A., El-Aalamat, Y., Popovic, D., Mihalyi, A., Bossuyt, X., Kyama, C. M., Fassbender, A., Bokor, A., Schols, D., Huskens, D., et al. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des234 · Cited by 189 · cited 10×
“biomarkers has beenmade [24, 140]; however, further studies”
InfluentialSelf-citationBlood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: Challenging but Feasible
Thambisetty, M., & Lovestone, S. (2010) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm.09.84 · Cited by 182
Plasma miR-17-5p, miR-20a and miR-22 are down-regulated in women with endometriosis
Jia, S.-Z., Yang, Y., Lang, J., Sun, P., & Leng, J. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des413 · Cited by 172 · cited 1×
“Reduced plasma levels of miR-17-5p, miR-20a, andmiR-22 [86] and elevated plasma levels of miR16,miR-191, andmiR-195 [87] have been found inwomenwith endometriosis compared with women without endometriosis.”
Molecular classification of endometriosis and disease stage using high-dimensional genomic data
Tamaresis, J. S., Irwin, J. C., Goldfien, G. A., Rabban, J. T., Burney, R. O., Nezhat, C., DePaolo, L. V., & Giudice, L. C. (2014) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2014-1490 · Cited by 168
MicroRNA expression profile in endometriosis: its relation to angiogenesis and fibrinolytic factors
Braza-Boïls, A., Marí-Alexandre, J., Gilabert, J., Sánchez-Izquierdo, D., España, F., Estellés, A., & Gilabert-Estellés, J. (2014) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deu019 · Cited by 164
Filigheddu, N., Gregnanin, I., Porporato, P. E., Surico, D., Perego, B., Galli, L., Patrignani, C., Graziani, A., & Surico, N. (2010) · Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology · doi:10.1155/2010/369549 · Cited by 162 · cited 1×
“Similar to peritoneal disease, ovarian endometriosis evidenced differential expression of miRNAs relative to paired eutopic endometrium in several studies [122, 123].”
Fassbender, A., Rahmioglu, N., Vitonis, A. F., Viganò, P., Giudice, L. C., D’Hooghe, T. M., Hummelshoj, L., Adamson, G. D., Becker, C. M., Missmer, S. A., et al. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1209 · Cited by 162 · cited 1×
“[146, 147, 149, 150] was developed on the basis of publicly”
Self-citationNon-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis based on a combined analysis of six plasma biomarkers
Mihalyi, A., Gevaert, O., Kyama, C. M., Simsa, P., Pochet, N., De Smet, F., De Moor, B., Meuleman, C., Billen, J., Blanckaert, N., et al. (2010) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dep425 · Cited by 161 · cited 1×
“1% in a study performed by Mihalyi and coworkers [36].”
Self-citationRogers, P. A. W., D’Hooghe, T. M., Fazleabas, A., Giudice, L. C., Montgomery, G. W., Petraglia, F., & Taylor, R. N. (2013) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719113477495 · Cited by 154 · cited 2×
“This theory holds that endometriosis originates from the implantation of sloughed endometrial tissue refluxed into the pelvis via the fallopian tube(s) during menstruation.”
BackgroundSelf-citationAl-Jefout, M., Dezarnaulds, G., Cooper, M., Tokushige, N., Luscombe, G. M., Markham, R., & Fraser, I. S. (2009) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dep275 · Cited by 151
Guidelines for the design, analysis and interpretation of ‘omics’ data: focus on human endometrium
Altmäe, S., Esteban, F. J., Stavreus-Evers, A., Simón, C., Giudice, L., Lessey, B. A., Horcajadas, J. A., Macklon, N. S., D'Hooghe, T., Campoy, C., et al. (2014) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt048 · Cited by 151 · cited 1×
“Many centres worldwide have been collecting blood or other body fluids such as peritoneal fluid, endometrial fluid, and menstrual fluid, as well as tissue samples—in particular ectopic and eutopic endometrium—from women with and without endometriosis, for a variety of research purposes [145–147].”
Self-citationFassbender, A., Vodolazkaia, A., Saunders, P., Lebovic, D., Waelkens, E., De Moor, B., & D'Hooghe, T. (2013) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.097 · Cited by 150
Self-citationMolecular Evidence for Differences in Endometrium in Severe Versus Mild Endometriosis
Aghajanova, L., & Giudice, L. C. (2011) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719110386241 · Cited by 146 · cited 2×
“This group further compared miRNA expression in women with mild and severe endometriosis and found increased endometrial expression of miR-21 and DICER in the more advanced stage of the disease [126].”
Self-citationDiscovery of phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins as biomarkers for ovarian endometriosis
Vouk, K., Hevir, N., Ribič-Pucelj, M., Haarpaintner, G., Scherb, H., Osredkar, J., Möller, G., Prehn, C., Rižner, T. L., & Adamski, J. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des152 · Cited by 143 · cited 1×
“roscopy for sterilization (n = 52) [93].”
MicroRNA 135 regulates HOXA10 expression in endometriosis
Petracco, R., Grechukhina, O., Popkhadze, S., Massasa, E., Zhou, Y., & Taylor, H. S. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1231 · Cited by 138 · cited 3×
“The overexpression of these miRNAs correlated with the downregulation of HOXA10 in endometrium from women with endometriosis.”
InfluentialHOXA10 expression is decreased in endometrium of women with adenomyosis
Fischer, C. P., Kayisili, U., & Taylor, H. S. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.060 · Cited by 133 · cited 1×
“The endometrial transcriptome in women with endometriosis may have shared patterns of dysregulation with other inflammatory conditions such as hydrosalpinx [110] or other estrogen dependent diseases such as leiomyomata, endometrial polyps, or adenomyosis [111, 112].”
Olkowska-Truchanowicz, J., Bocian, K., Maksym, R. B., Bialoszewska, A., Wlodarczyk, D., Baranowski, W., Zabek, J., Korczak-Kowalska, G., & Malejczyk, J. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des346 · Cited by 131
Bokor, A., Kyama, C. M., Vercruysse, L., Fassbender, A., Gevaert, O., Vodolazkaia, A., De Moor, B., Fulop, V., & D'Hooghe, T. (2009) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dep283 · Cited by 128 · cited 2×
“These striking findings were followed by two independent studies assessing the detection of endometrial nerve fibers as a diagnostic test for endometriosis [140, 141].”
Self-citationD’Hooghe, T. M., & Hummelshøj, L. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del123 · Cited by 124
Self-citationMeasurable serum markers of oxidative stress response in women with endometriosis
Lambrinoudaki, I. V., Augoulea, A., Christodoulakos, G., Economou, E. V., Kaparos, G., Kontoravdis, A., Papadias, C. B., & Creatsas, G. C. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.021 · Cited by 124 · cited 1×
“A significant reduction in serum has been reported for paroxonase (PON-I), high density lipoproteins [56], and plasma superoxide dismutase [57] and an increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, lipid peroxidises [56], 25-hydroxycholesterol [58], heat shock protein 70b (HSP70b) [59], and Vit…”
Dutta, M., Joshi, M., Srivastava, S., Lodh, I., Chakravarty, B., & Chaudhury, K. (2012) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c2mb25353d · Cited by 121 · cited 1×
“L-Arginine [94].”
Verit, F. F., Erel, O., & Celik, N. (2007) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dem340 · Cited by 115
Can chemokines be used as biomarkers for endometriosis? A systematic review
Borrelli, G. M., Abrao, M. S., & Mechsner, S. (2014) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/det401 · Cited by 102 · cited 1×
“1%, 50%, and 75% of the assessed studies [54].”
Innervation of endometrium and myometrium in women with painful adenomyosis and uterine fibroids
Zhang, X., Lu, B., Huang, X., Xu, H., Zhou, C., & Lin, J. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.026 · Cited by 100
Bernert, S., Fernández, A., Haro, J. M., König, H., Alonso, J., Vilagut, G., Sevilla‐Dedieu, C., de Graaf, R., Matschinger, H., Heider, D., et al. (2009) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00509.x · Cited by 98
Cyr61, a deregulated gene in endometriosis
Absenger, Y. (2004) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gah053 · Cited by 95 · cited 1×
“At the transcript level, significant differences in gene expression exist in eutopic endometrium fromwomen with versus without endometriosis [114–117].”
Huang, H.-F., Hong, L.-H., Tan, Y., & Sheng, J.-Z. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.027 · Cited by 90 · cited 1×
“MMP-2 [63] and MMP-9 [64] have”
Agic, A., Djalali, S., Wolfler, M. M., Halis, G., Diedrich, K., & Hornung, D. (2008) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719108318598 · Cited by 88 · cited 1×
“As described earlier, different phases of biomarker discovery exist (Phase I–IV) and endometriosis biomarkers need to be validated prospectively in a clinical setting [17].”
Fassbender, A., Verbeeck, N., Börnigen, D., Kyama, C. M., Bokor, A., Vodolazkaia, A., Peeraer, K., Tomassetti, C., Meuleman, C., Gevaert, O., et al. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des127 · Cited by 87 · cited 3×
“Specifically, menstrual cycle phase of endometrial samples was not specified in several of the studies [132, 135], and only one randomly divided endometrial samples into training and test sets [131].”
Self-citationRisk factors for endometriosis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): a case-control study
Hadfield, R. (1997) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/3.2.109 · Cited by 86
Tamburro, S., Canis, M., Albuisson, E., Dechelotte, P., Darcha, C., & Mage, G. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01182-8 · Cited by 79
Hydrosalpinx fluid diminishes endometrial cell HOXA10 expression
Daftary, G. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03306-x · Cited by 78
Urinary vitamin D-binding protein is elevated in patients with endometriosis
Cho, S., Choi, Y. S., Yim, S. Y., Yang, H. I., Jeon, Y. E., Lee, K. E., Kim, H., Seo, S. K., & Lee, B. S. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der345 · Cited by 74 · cited 1×
“used 2D-PAGE and tandem MS to identify significantly higher levels of 22 urine proteins in women with endometriosis including vitamin D-binding protein, prealbumin, enolase-1, and alpha1antitrypsin [107].”
Kitawaki, J., Koshiba, H., Ishihara, H., Kusuki, I., Tsukamoto, K., & Honjo, H. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6829 · Cited by 69
Evaluation of Serum and Urinary Angiogenic Factors in Patients with Endometriosis
Cho, S. H., Oh, Y. J., Nam, A., Kim, H. Y., Park, J. H., Kim, J. H., Park, K. H., Cho, D. J., & Lee, B. S. (2007) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00535.x · Cited by 68
Andreoli, C. G., Genro, V. K., Souza, C. A., Michelon, T., Bilibio, J. P., Scheffel, C., & Cunha-Filho, J. S. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.02.019 · Cited by 68 · cited 1×
“interleukins IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-23 levels were comparable between infertile controls and endometriosis patients with infertility [49].”
Sherwin, J. R. A., Sharkey, A. M., Mihalyi, A., Simsa, P., Catalano, R. D., & D'Hooghe, T. M. (2008) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/den078 · Cited by 66 · cited 1×
“At the transcript level, significant differences in gene expression exist in eutopic endometrium fromwomen with versus without endometriosis [114–117].”
Self-citationSocolov, R. V., Buţureanu, S., Angioni, S. L., Sindilar, A., Boiculese, L. V., Cozma, L. G., & Socolov, D. G. (2010) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.10.008 · Cited by 65 · cited 2×
“CA-125 has been measured simultaneously with urocortin [34], chlamydia antibody [35], CD23 [39], and inflammatory cytokines [32].”
Why We Need a Noninvasive Diagnostic Test for Minimal to Mild Endometriosis with a High Sensitivity
D’Hooghe, T. M., Mihalyi, A., Simsa, P., Kyama, C. M., Peeraer, K., Loecker, P. D., Meeuwis, L., Segal, L., & Meuleman, C. (2006) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000093120 · Cited by 61 · cited 2×
“Though incomplete in accounting for the entirety of reported clinicalmanifestations of the disease, Sampson’s theory of retrograde menstruation is the most widely accepted description of endometriosis pathogenesis [10].”
Self-citationDiscovery of a novel biomarker in the urine in women with endometriosis
Tokushige, N., Markham, R., Crossett, B., Ahn, S. B., Nelaturi, V. L., Khan, A., & Fraser, I. S. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.016 · Cited by 61 · cited 2×
“demonstrated cytokeratin-19 (CK19) to be uniquely expressed in 11 urine samples fromwomenwith histologically proven endometriosis relative to samples from 6 women free of disease [102].”
Circulating cell-free DNA as a potential biomarker for minimal and mild endometriosis
Zachariah, R., Schmid, S., Radpour, R., Buerki, N., Fan, A. X.-C., Hahn, S., Holzgreve, W., & Zhong, X. Y. (2009) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60100-9 · Cited by 59
Shen, L., Yang, S., Huang, W., Xu, W., Wang, Q., Song, Y., & Liu, Y. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3010 · Cited by 57 · cited 1×
“Other miRNAs and predicted cognate mRNAs demonstrating differential expression in eutopic endometrium from women with and without endometriosis include miR-23a/CYP19A1 and miR542-3p/COX2 [128], miR-126/CRK [129] andmiR23a/NR5A1 [130].”
Signs of reduced angiogenic activity after surgical removal of deeply infiltrating endometriosis
Bourlev, V., Iljasova, N., Adamyan, L., Larsson, A., & Olovsson, M. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.019 · Cited by 57 · cited 1×
“Follow-up of patients with advanced endometriosis showed reducedVEGF-A levels after laparoscopic excision of the lesions [68, 69].”
Identification and validation of novel serum markers for early diagnosis of endometriosis
Gajbhiye, R., Sonawani, A., Khan, S., Suryawanshi, A., Kadam, S., Warty, N., Raut, V., & Khole, V. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der410 · Cited by 53 · cited 2×
“Autoantibodies against different epitopes of tropomyosin 3 (TPM3), stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP2), and tropomodulin 3 (TMOD3) were significantly elevated in the serumof endometriosis patients with bothminimal/mild and moderate/severe disease [80].”
Selected cytokines and glycodelin A levels in serum and peritoneal fluid in girls with endometriosis
Drosdzol‐Cop, A., & Skrzypulec‐Plinta, V. (2012) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01860.x · Cited by 52 · cited 1×
“Glycodelin A, a promoter of neovascularization and cell proliferation, was examined in follicular phase serum of adolescent girls with endometriosis (n = 33) aged 13–19 alongside TNF-α and IL-6, but none of these proteins showed a different expression compared with adolescents without endometriosis (n = 17) [46].”
Noninvasive biomarkers of endometriosis: myth or reality?
Lanišnik Rižner, T. (2014) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.2014.899905 · Cited by 52
Serum and peritoneal fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in women with endometriosis.
Kianpour, M., Nematbakhsh, M., Ahmadi, S. M., Jafarzadeh, M., Hajjarian, M., Pezeshki, Z., Safari, T., & Eshraghi-Jazi, F. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 52
Cho, S., Ahn, Y. S., Choi, Y. S., Seo, S. K., Nam, A., Kim, H. Y., Kim, J., Park, K. H., Cho, D. J., & Lee, B. S. (2009) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00692.x · Cited by 51
High serum follistatin levels in women with ovarian endometriosis
Florio, P., Reis, F. M., Torres, P. B., Calonaci, F., Abrao, M. S., Nascimento, L. L., Franchini, M., Cianferoni, L., & Petraglia, F. (2009) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dep195 · Cited by 51 · cited 1×
“Follistatin, an inhibitor of activin, has been shown to be increased in endometriosis patients [23], especially in a subgroup of patients with ovarian endometrioma, and showed good sensitivity and specificity [43].”
Role of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and 25-hydroxycholesterol in the pathophysiology of endometriosis
Sharma, I., Dhaliwal, L., Saha, S. C., Sangwan, S., & Dhawan, V. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.141 · Cited by 51
Proteomics Analysis of Plasma for Early Diagnosis of Endometriosis
Fassbender, A., Waelkens, E., Verbeeck, N., Kyama, C. M., Bokor, A., Vodolazkaia, A., Van de Plas, R., Meuleman, C., Peeraer, K., Tomassetti, C., et al. (2012) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31823fda8d · Cited by 51
Self-citationLiu, S., Gao, S., Wang, X. Y., & Wang, D. B. (2012) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-011-2112-6 · Cited by 49 · cited 1×
“Other miRNAs and predicted cognate mRNAs demonstrating differential expression in eutopic endometrium from women with and without endometriosis include miR-23a/CYP19A1 and miR542-3p/COX2 [128], miR-126/CRK [129] andmiR23a/NR5A1 [130].”
Unlocking pathology archives for microRNA-profiling.
Hoefig, K. P., Thorns, C., Roehle, A., Kaehler, C., Wesche, K. O., Repsilber, D., Branke, B., Thiere, M., Feller, A. C., & Merz, H. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 47
Kocbek, V., Vouk, K., Mueller, M. D., Rižner, T. L., & Bersinger, N. A. (2013) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2013.769516 · Cited by 47 · cited 1×
“CA-125 combinedwith interleukin-8 (IL8) and tumor necrosis factors-𝛼 (TNF-𝛼) in the secretory phase had a sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 71.1% in a study performed by Mihalyi and coworkers [36].”
InfluentialKyama, C. M., T’Jampens, D., Mihalyi, A., Simsa, P., Debrock, S., Waelkens, E., Landuyt, B., Meuleman, C., Fulop, V., Mwenda, J. M., et al. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.024 · Cited by 46
Self-citationEvaluation of endometrial biomarkers for semi-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis
Kyama, C. M., Mihalyi, A., Gevaert, O., Waelkens, E., Simsa, P., de Plas, R. V., Meuleman, C., Moor, B. D., & D’Hooghe, T. M. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.06.084 · Cited by 45 · cited 1×
“5% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the diagnosis of any stage endometriosis [136].”
Self-citationSingh, A. K., Chattopadhyay, R., Chakravarty, B., & Chaudhury, K. (2013) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.03.006 · Cited by 44 · cited 1×
“MMP-2 [63] and MMP-9 [64] have”
El-Kasti, M. M., Wright, C., Fye, H. K. S., Roseman, F., Kessler, B. M., & Becker, C. M. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.066 · Cited by 44 · cited 1×
“Using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF MS), several groups have reported differential peptide profiles in the urine of women with endometriosis relative to that of women without endometriosis at surgery [102, 106].”
Investigation of diagnostic potentials of nine different biomarkers in endometriosis
Ozhan, E., Kokcu, A., Yanik, K., & Gunaydin, M. (2014) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.04.037 · Cited by 44 · cited 1×
“7% accuracy to distinguish endometriosis patients (n = 60) from controls (n = 20) [41].”
Reis, F. M., Luisi, S., Abrao, M. S., Rocha, A. L. L., Vigano, P., Rezende, C. P., Florio, P., & Petraglia, F. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des055 · Cited by 43 · cited 1×
“However, a follow-up study could not reproduce these results [44].”
Khanaki, K., Nouri, M., Ardekani, A. M., Ghassemzadeh, A., Shahnazi, V., Sadeghi, M. R., Darabi, M., Mehdizadeh, A., Dolatkhah, H., Saremi, A., et al. (1996) · the Pasteur Institute of Iran · doi:10.6091/ibj.1025.2012 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“endometriosis patients (n = 64) compared with controls (n = 74) [92].”
Malvezzi, H., Aguiar, V. G., Paz, C. C. P. D., Tanus-Santos, J. E., Penna, I. A. D. A., & Navarro, P. A. (2013) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719112459234 · Cited by 41 · cited 1×
“is correlated with a higher MMP-2 expression [65].”
Serum and Peritoneal Fluid Immunological Markers in Adolescent Girls With Chronic Pelvic Pain
Drosdzol-Cop, A., Skrzypulec-Plinta, V., & Stojko, R. (2012) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0b013e31825cb12b · Cited by 40 · cited 1×
“Significantly increased IL-4 serum values have been found in adolescents with endometriosis [52].”
Matrix metalloproteinases are elevated in the urine of patients with endometriosis
Becker, C. M., Louis, G., Exarhopoulos, A., Mechsner, S., Ebert, A. D., Zurakowski, D., & Moses, M. A. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.02.040 · Cited by 40 · cited 1×
“A panel consisting of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-9/neutrophil gealtinaseassociated lipocalinwas significantly elevated in a cohort of 33 women with endometriosis relative to expression in a group of 13 controls [104].”
Lermann, J., Mueller, A., Körber, F., Oppelt, P., Beckmann, M. W., Dittrich, R., & Renner, S. P. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.072 · Cited by 39
Yang, H., Zhu, L., Wang, S., Lang, J., & Xu, T. (2015) · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2013.06.003 · Cited by 37
Highly elevated serum CA-125 levels in patients with non-malignant gynecological diseases
He, R.-H., Yao, W.-M., Wu, L.-Y., & Mao, Y.-Y. (2011) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-010-1717-5 · Cited by 37 · cited 1×
“However, CA-125 is not specific for endometriosis, being a tumor marker elevated in ovarian cancer [37, 38].”
KHAN, K. N., MASUZAKI, H., FUJISHITA, A., KITAJIMA, M., HIRAKI, K., MIURA, S., SEKINE, I., & ISHIMARU, T. (2006) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016340500432556 · Cited by 36 · cited 1×
“Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was suggested to be elevated in women with endometriosis [72], although this was not confirmed in an additional study [23, 73].”
Sheldon, E., Vo, K. C., McIntire, R. A., Aghajanova, L., Zelenko, Z., Irwin, J. C., & Giudice, L. C. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.01.164 · Cited by 36 · cited 1×
“[17, 151], and on personal biobank experience from study”
Self-citationSzubert, M., Suzin, J., Duechler, M., Szulawska, A., Czyz, M., & Kowalczyk-Amico, K. (2014) · Reproduction, Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd12258 · Cited by 36 · cited 1×
“In another study, danazol treatment of endometriosis patients resulted in an increased VEGF concentration in plasma [70].”
Serum Biomarker for Diagnosis of Endometriosis
Signorile, P. G., & Baldi, A. (2014) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.24620 · Cited by 35 · cited 1×
“019) in an additional cohort of endometriosis patients (n = 120) and healthy controls (n = 20) [45].”
Diagnosis of endometrial nerve fibers in women with endometriosis
Aghaey Meibody, F., Mehdizadeh Kashi, A., Zare Mirzaie, A., Ghajarie Bani Amam, M., Shariati Behbahani, A., Zolali, B., & Najafi, L. (2011) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-010-1806-5 · Cited by 35 · cited 1×
“These results were confirmed in a study of 27 prospectively collected eutopic endometrial specimens using identical sampling and detection methods [142].”
Mohamed, M. L., El Behery, M. M., & Mansour, S. A. E.-A. (2013) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2539-4 · Cited by 35
Reduced hemopexin levels in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis
Wölfler, M. M., Meinhold-Heerlein, I. M., Henkel, C., Rath, W., Neulen, J., Maass, N., & Bräutigam, K. (2013) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.010 · Cited by 35
Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 mRNA: A Promising Peripheral Blood Marker for Diagnosis of Endometriosis
De Sanctis, P., Elmakky, A., Farina, A., Caramelli, E., Seracchioli, R., Mabrouk, M., Mignemi, G., Venturoli, S., Villa, G., Guerrini, M., et al. (2011) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000320752 · Cited by 30
Wang, L., Zheng, W., Ding, X.-Y., Yu, J.-K., Jiang, W.-Z., & Zhang, S.-Z. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.08.061 · Cited by 30 · cited 3×
“Specifically, menstrual cycle phase of endometrial samples was not specified in several of the studies [132, 135], and only one randomly divided endometrial samples into training and test sets [131].”
Performance of peripheral (serum and molecular) blood markers for diagnosis of endometriosis
Mabrouk, M., Elmakky, A., Caramelli, E., Farina, A., Mignemi, G., Venturoli, S., Villa, G., Guerrini, M., Manuzzi, L., Montanari, G., et al. (2012) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-011-2122-4 · Cited by 30 · cited 2×
“The combination of CA-125, CA-19-9, and survivin mRNA showed promise, boasting a sensitivity of 87% and a 10% false positive rate [33].”
Vodolazkaia, A., Bossuyt, X., Fassbender, A., Kyama, C. M., Meuleman, C., Peeraer, K., Tomassetti, C., & D'Hooghe, T. M. (2011) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-9-113 · Cited by 28 · cited 1×
“The inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be upregulated [23], especially when examined with a high sensitivity assay making it possible to detect subclinical inflammation in women with endometriosis [50].”
Self-citationExpression and localisation of osteopontin and prominin-1 (CD133) in patients with endometriosis
D’AMICO, F., SKARMOUTSOU, E., QUADERNO, G., MALAPONTE, G., LA CORTE, C., SCIBILIA, G., D’AGATE, G., SCOLLO, P., FRAGGETTA, F., SPANDIDOS, D. A., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2013.1325 · Cited by 28
Zheng, N., Pan, C., & Liu, W. (2011) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/147323001103900406 · Cited by 28 · cited 1×
“4% sensitivity and 95% specificity to detect endometriosis when comparing 126 patients with endometriosis with 120 healthy controls [90].”
Reduced Levels of Serum Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor in Women With Endometriosis
Chen, L., Fan, R., Huang, X., Xu, H., & Zhang, X. (2012) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719111413300 · Cited by 26
Long, X., Jiang, P., Zhou, L., & Zhang, W. (2013) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2700-0 · Cited by 26 · cited 1×
“A variety of studies has been published regarding protein “fingerprints” for the diagnosis of endometriosis [23, 89–91].”
Identification of anti-syntaxin 5 autoantibody as a novel serum marker of endometriosis
Nabeta, M., Abe, Y., Takaoka, Y., Kusanagi, Y., & Ito, M. (2011) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2011.04.012 · Cited by 26 · cited 1×
“Additionally, serum antiPDIK1L [77] and anti-syntaxin 5 autoantibodies [78] were reported elevated in endometriosis patients.”
Ding, X., Wang, L., Ren, Y., & Zheng, W. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.054 · Cited by 24
Is the Detection of Endometrial Nerve Fibers Useful in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis?
Leslie, C., Ma, T., McElhinney, B., Leake, R., & Stewart, C. J. R. (2013) · International Journal of Gynecological Pathology · doi:10.1097/pgp.0b013e31825b0585 · Cited by 23 · cited 2×
“5 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of women with endometriosis [143].”
Pandey, N., Kriplani, A., Yadav, R. K., Lyngdoh, B. T., & Mahapatra, S. C. (2010) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2010.487585 · Cited by 23 · cited 1×
“Contrasting evidence exists on prolactin, leptin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and adiponectin levels in endometriosis patients versus controls, showing either no difference, an increase (prolactin, leptin LH) or a decrease (adiponectin) [23, 75, 76].”
Copeptin is associated with the severity of endometriosis
Tuten, A., Kucur, M., Imamoglu, M., Kaya, B., Acikgoz, A. S., Yilmaz, N., Ozturk, Z., & Oncul, M. (2014) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-014-3163-2 · Cited by 23 · cited 3×
“002) higher in women with endometriosis (n = 50) than in women without endometriosis (n = 36) and was positively correlated with disease severity [42].”
InfluentialFassbender, A., Simsa, P., Kyama, C. M., Waelkens, E., Mihalyi, A., Meuleman, C., Gevaert, O., Van de Plas, R., de Moor, B., & D'Hooghe, T. M. (2010) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-8-123 · Cited by 23 · cited 1×
“A larger study identified differential expression of 32 peptide peaks in secretory phase endometrium from 10 women with endometriosis (all rAFS stages) compared to that of 6 healthy women [134].”
Self-citationSerum anti-PDIK1L autoantibody as a novel marker for endometriosis
Nabeta, M., Abe, Y., Haraguchi, R., Kito, K., Kusanagi, Y., & Ito, M. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.008 · Cited by 22 · cited 1×
“Additionally, serum antiPDIK1L [77] and anti-syntaxin 5 autoantibodies [78] were reported elevated in endometriosis patients.”
The value of urocortin and Ca-125 in the diagnosis of endometrioma
Tokmak, A., Ugur, M., Tonguc, E., Var, T., Moraloğlu, O., & Ozaksit, G. (2011) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-010-1505-2 · Cited by 21 · cited 1×
“CA-125 has been measured simultaneously with urocortin [34], chlamydia antibody [35], CD23 [39], and inflammatory cytokines [32].”
Kuessel, L., Jaeger-Lansky, A., Pateisky, P., Rossberg, N., Schulz, A., Schmitz, A. A. P., Staudigl, C., & Wenzl, R. (2014) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2013.856409 · Cited by 20
Determination of HGF concentration in serum and peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis.
Zong, L., Li, Y., & Ha, X.-Q. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 20
Othman, E. E.-D. R., Hornung, D., & Al-Hendy, A. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics · doi:10.1517/17530059.2.7.741 · Cited by 18 · cited 2×
“The use of CA-125 as blood biomarker for endometriosis has been examined extensively [23, 24, 30–36].”
MethodEvaluation of CA-125 and soluble CD-23 in patients with pelvic endometriosis: a case-control study
Luna Ramos, I. M. D., Podgaec, S., Abrão, M. S., Oliveira, R. D., & Baracat, E. C. (2012) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/s0104-42302012000100011 · Cited by 18 · cited 1×
“CA-125 has been measured simultaneously with urocortin [34], chlamydia antibody [35], CD23 [39], and inflammatory cytokines [32].”
Serum YKL-40 levels are altered in endometriosis
Tuten, A., Kucur, M., Imamoglu, M., Oncul, M., Acikgoz, A. S., Sofiyeva, N., Ozturk, Z., Kaya, B., & Oral, E. (2014) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2014.887671 · Cited by 17 · cited 1×
“001) in patients with endometriosis (n = 53) compared with patients without endometriosis (n = 35) and a positive correlation with disease severity was detected [53].”
KhoshdelRad, N., Salehi, Z., Mashayekhi, F., Abbasi, O., & Mirzajani, E. (2014) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-013-3082-7 · Cited by 17 · cited 1×
“The serum concentration of its receptor, c-Met, was significantly higher in endometriosis patients (n = 130) than in controls (n = 39), in a stage dependent manner [74].”
Evaluation of elevated urinary enolase I levels in patients with endometriosis
Yun, B. H., Lee, Y. S., Chon, S. J., Jung, Y. S., Yim, S. Y., Kim, H. Y., Park, J. H., Seo, S. K., Cho, S., Choi, Y. S., et al. (2014) · Biomarkers · doi:10.3109/1354750x.2013.863973 · Cited by 17 · cited 1×
“Despite elevation in women with endometriosis, enolase-1 lacked sufficient diagnostic power as an individual analyte (sensitivity 56% and specificity 72%) in a separate study [108].”
Shah, D. K., Correia, K. F., Harris, H. R., & Missmer, S. A. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des411 · Cited by 16
CA-125 as a biomarker for malignant transformation of endometriosis
Check, J. H. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.036 · Cited by 15
Evaluation of serum autoantibody levels in the diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma
Yi, Y., Wang, S., Chao, C., Su, C., Lee, Y., & Chen, L. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.20415 · Cited by 12 · cited 1×
“In patients with ovarian endometrioma, autoantibodies against Insulin-like growth factor 2mRNA-binding protein 1 (IMP1) were significantly higher than in healthy controls [79].”
New Frontiers in Tumor Marker Studies: From Biobanking to Collaboration in Translational Research
Gion, M., & Fabricio, A. S. C. (2011) · The International Journal of Biological Markers · doi:10.5301/jbm.2011.8388 · Cited by 8 · cited 1×
“The adoption of validated, internationally agreed upon standard operating procedures (SOPs) for tissue sample collection, processing and storage, and standardized phenotypic and other patient data collection, are crucial to optimise sample quality, reduce variability, and enable cross-centre studies [17, 113, 148].”
Prediction of pelvic pathology in subfertile women with combined Chlamydia antibody and CA-125 tests
Penninx, J., Brandes, M., de Bruin, J. P., Schneeberger, P. M., & Hamilton, C. J. C. M. (2009) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.08.004 · Cited by 7 · cited 1×
“CA-125 has been measured simultaneously with urocortin [34], chlamydia antibody [35], CD23 [39], and inflammatory cytokines [32].”
Levels of circulating angiogenic cells are not altered in women with endometriosis
Webster, K. E., Kennedy, S. H., & Becker, C. M. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des454 · Cited by 7
The presence of CD40, CD40L and ADAM8 among endometriotic patients.
Panoulis, K., Nieri, E., Kaparos, G., et al. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Reply of the Authors: CA-125 as a biomarker for malignant transformation of endometriosis
Nezhat, F. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.035 · Cited by 1 · cited 1×
“However, CA-125 is not specific for endometriosis, being a tumor marker elevated in ovarian cancer [37, 38].”
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 149 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
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- 2014, Biomarkers of endometriosis, 321
- 10.1093/humupd/dmq009 · DOI · Paper page
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- 2013, International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 7, 96
- 2003, Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao, 23, 757
- 2008, Anticancer Research, 28, 119
- 2014, Biomarkers of endometriosis
- 2000, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85, 3292
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical diagnosis of endometriosis: a call to action
Agarwal, S. K., Chapron, C., Giudice, L. C., Laufer, M. R., Leyland, N., Missmer, S. A., Singh, S. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2019) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.12.039 · Cited by 843
Self-citationBlood biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis
Nisenblat, V., Bossuyt, P. M., Shaikh, R., Farquhar, C. M., Jordan, V., Scheffers, C. S., Mol, B. W., JOHNSON, N. P., & Hull, M. L. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012179 · Cited by 401
Fertile ground: human endometrial programming and lessons in health and disease
Evans, J., Salamonsen, L. A., Winship, A., Menkhorst, E. M., Nie, G., Gargett, C. E., & Dimitriadis, E. (2016) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.116 · Cited by 378
Biomarkers in endometriosis: Challenges and opportunities
Ahn, S. H., Singh, V., & Tayade, C. (2017) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.01.009 · Cited by 242
Combination of the non-invasive tests for the diagnosis of endometriosis
Nisenblat, V., Prentice, L., Bossuyt, P. M., Farquhar, C. M., Hull, M. L., & JOHNSON, N. P. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012281 · Cited by 231
Metadata
- Authors
- Fassbender, A., Burney, R. O., F. O, D., D’Hooghe, T., & Giudice, L.
- Affiliations
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- Madigan Army Medical Center (US)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ Systems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- D’Hooghe, Thomas
- Giudice, Linda
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 2015
- Pages
- 1-14
- ISSN
- 1110-7243 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-6133
- 2314-6141
- PMC
- PMC4512573
- OpenAlex
- W1935876281
- Semantic Scholar
- 49184ea27e4695119ebaa60bce32622318c29b7e
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 149
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- BioMed Research International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD055764)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Keywords
- endometriosis, biomarkers, early diagnosis, plasma biomarkers, urinary biomarkers, endometrium, infertility, pelvic pain, delayed diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Endometriosis, Endometrium, Female, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Biomarkers, Early Diagnosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
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