The DOI matches its Crossref record; 263 of the 264 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 235 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles
Open accessAbstract
The application of nanomedicines is increasing rapidly with the promise of targeted and efficient drug delivery. Nanomedicines address the shortcomings of conventional therapy, as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical investigations indicating site-specific drug delivery, reduced side effects, and better treatment outcome. The development of suitable and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles is a prerequisite that has been successfully achieved by using simple and functionalized liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, micelles, dendrimers, and mesoporous particles. A variety of drug delivery vehicles have been established for the targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents in a wide range of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. After successful outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials, many of these drugs have been marketed for human use, such as Abraxane®, Caelyx®, Mepact®, Myocet®, Emend®, and Rapamune®. Apart from drugs/compounds, novel therapeutic agents, such as peptides, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and genes have also shown potential to be used as nanomedicines for the treatment of several chronic ailments. However, a large number of extensive clinical trials are still needed to ensure the short-term and long-term effects of nanomedicines in humans. This review discusses the advantages of various drug delivery vehicles for better understanding of their utility in terms of current medical needs. Furthermore, the application of a wide range of nanomedicines is also described in the context of major chronic diseases.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review surveys nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles—liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, micelles, dendrimers, mesoporous materials, and scaffolds—for targeted and controlled therapy in chronic diseases including diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, tuberculosis, and cancer. It highlights preclinical and clinical examples and marketed nanomedicines, while stressing that extensive clinical trials, standardized dosing, toxicology, and regulatory frameworks are still needed.
Key findings
- Nanocarriers can improve site-specific delivery, sustained release, bioavailability, and reduce side effects across chronic diseases; marketed examples include Abraxane®, Caelyx®, Mepact®, Myocet®, Emend®, and Rapamune®.
- In diabetes, TMC-CSK-INS nanoparticles produced maximum blood glucose depression of ~28% at 3 h versus ~20% for TMC-INS; vitamin B12-coupled dextran nanoparticles reduced blood glucose ~70–75% for 54 h in diabetic rats and 60% at 20 h in diabetic mice.
- In neurological disease, rivastigmine-loaded PBCA-80 nanoparticles showed 3.82-fold higher brain uptake than free drug; galantamine SLNs had ~83% entrapment, >90% release in 24 h, and two-fold higher bioavailability; curcumin-loaded lactoferrin-functionalized nanolipid carriers enhanced brain uptake 2.78-fold; miR-124 nanoparticles increased mature neurons 2.5-fold in a Parkinson’s disease model.
- In respiratory/TB/cancer applications, montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers improved bioavailability 12-fold; mannose-coated SLNs enhanced rifabutin cellular uptake up to six-fold; liposomal ciprofloxacin had 90% loading efficiency with up to 30% remaining after nebulization; 90 nm liposomes escaped leaky tumor vasculature but did not permeate away from the tumor for a week.
Methods
- Narrative review; no systematic search strategy, databases, inclusion/exclusion criteria, or quantitative synthesis are stated.
- Synthesizes preclinical and clinical literature on nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles and their applications across chronic diseases, including marketed nanomedicines.
- Main analysis is descriptive and thematic, organized by carrier type and disease area.
Limitations
- The paper states that clinical translation remains a major challenge requiring many well-defined clinical trials; the one-size-fits-all approach is a drawback; dosage standardization, extensive toxicology, short- and long-term side-effect assessment, new regulatory frameworks, and scalable, cost-effective, reproducible manufacturing are needed.
- Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it does not systematically assess study quality or risk of bias, and many cited therapeutic results come from preclinical animal or cell models rather than human trials.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
211 Not checked yet · 37 Own interpretation · 1 Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Curcumin-embedded mPEG-PLA-Ch micelles significantly reduced the tumor volume in the B16-F10 xenograft tumor model compared to that obtained with pure curcumin.248”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [248] Kumari, P. et al. Cholesterol-conjugated poly(D, L-lactide)-based micelles as a nanocarrier system for effective delivery of curcumin in cancer therapy. Drug Deliv. 24, 209–223 (2017). source
The Results and discussion section (‘Assessment of in vivo therapeutic efficacy’) reports that CUR-mPEG–PLA-Ch suppressed tumor growth at a significantly higher rate than free curcumin in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice. After 22 days, reported tumor volumes were 613.9 ± 11.6 mm³ and 917.5 ± 9.7 mm³, respectively. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A variety of drug delivery vehicles have been established for the targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents in a wide range of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, the efficacy of these drug delivery vehicles depends on their size, shape, hydrophobicity, surface parameters, and several other chemical and biophysical features.6,7”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Patel, D. K. et al. Influence of graphene on self-assembly of polyurethane and evaluation of its biomedical properties. Polymer 65, 183–192 (2015). source
- Not checked yetcites [7] Senapati, S., Mahanta, A. K., Kumar, S. & Maiti, P. Controlled drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment and their performance. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 3, 7 (2018). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A wide variety of organic, inorganic, polymeric and metallic nanostructures, including dendrimers, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), carbon nanotubes, and liposomes, are frequently used as targeted and controlled drug delivery vehicles.3–5”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Singh, N. K. et al. CNT Induced β-phase in polylactide: unique crystallization, biodegradation, and biocompatibility. J. Phys. Chem. C. 117, 10163–10174 (2013). source
- Not checked yetcites [4] Lombardo, D., Kiselev, M. A. & Caccamo, M. T. Smart nanoparticles for drug delivery application: development of versatile nanocarrier platforms in biotechnology and nanomedicine. J. Nanomater. 2019, 3702518 (2019). source
- Not checked yetcites [5] Mishra, A. et al. Self-assembled aliphatic chain extended polyurethane nanobiohybrids: Emerging hemocompatible biomaterials for sustained drug delivery. Acta Biomater. 10, 2133–2146 (2014). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A substantial number of preclinical and clinical studies suggest their suitability for the treatment of various diseases.20–22”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Drug delivery systems
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Kapusetti, G. et al. Bone cement based nanohybrid as a super biomaterial for bone healing. J. Mater. Chem. B 2, 3984–3997 (2014). source
- Not checked yetcites [21] Sharma, A. & Sharma, U. S. Liposomes in drug delivery: progress and limitations. Int. J. Pharm. 154, 123–140 (1997). source
- Not checked yetcites [22] Soppimath, K. S., Aminabhavi, T. M., Kulkarni, A. R. & Rudzinski, W. E. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices. J. Control. Release 70, 1–20 (2001). source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pharmacokinetic testing confirmed the better efficacy of metformin-loaded niosomes over pure metformin in reducing blood glucose levels.84”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [84] Hasan, A. A., Madkor, H. & Wageh, S. Formulation and evaluation of metformin hydrochloride-loaded niosomes as controlled release drug delivery system. Drug Deliv. 20, 120–126 (2013). source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Furthermore, pore size, surface functionalization, and surface area are the main factors influencing drug loading and release behavior.55”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Drug delivery systems > 2.6. Mesoporous material
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [55] Manzano, M. & Vallet-Regí, M. New developments in ordered mesoporous materials for drug delivery. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 5593–5604 (2010). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The primary rationale of using a suitable drug delivery system is its ability to ensure a higher and longer duration of drug bioavailability and thereby enhanced therapeutic efficacy.14,15”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Drug delivery systems
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Moghimi, S. M., Hunter, A. C. & Murray, J. C. Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects. FASEB J. 19, 311–330 (2005). source
- Not checked yetcites [15] Markman, J. L., Rekechenetskiy, A., Holler, E. & Ljubimova, J. Y. Nanomedicine therapeutic approaches to overcome cancer drug resistance. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65, 1866–1879 (2013). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Briefly, nanotechnology offers several advantages in treating chronic human diseases through sustained and targeted drug delivery.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The application of a controlled drug delivery system is a central strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of therapeutic molecules.12,13”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Drug delivery systems
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Patel, D. K. et al. Functionalized graphene tagged polyurethanes for corrosion inhibitor and sustained drug delivery. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 3, 3351–3363 (2017). source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Mahanta, A. K. et al. Polyurethane-grafted chitosan as new biomaterials for controlled drug delivery. Macromolecules 48, 2654–2666 (2015). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 23
- It may state two separate claims as one. 98
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Apart from drugs/compounds, novel therapeutic agents, such as peptides, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and genes have also shown potential to be used as nanomedicines for the treatment of several chronic ailments.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Abstract
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nanomedicines address the shortcomings of conventional therapy, as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical investigations indicating site-specific drug delivery, reduced side effects, and better treatment outcome.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Ideally, nanometer-sized materials with high biocompatibility8 and biodegradability9 are considered excellent drug delivery systems for biomedical applications.10”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Kohane, D. S. & Langer, R. Biocompatibility and drug delivery systems. Chem. Sci. 1, 441–446 (2010). source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Mahapatro, A. & Singh, D. K. Biodegradable nanoparticles are excellent vehicle for site directed in-vivo delivery of drugs and vaccines. J. Nanobiotechnology 9, 55 (2011). source
- Not checked yetcites [10] Maiti, P., Senapati, S. & Saraf, S. Inhibition of Chronic Osteomyelitis using Sustained Release of Drug from Biodegradable Polymeric Chip. Clin. Oncol. 3, 1406 (2018).
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“They are generally biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, and able to entrap lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs for site-specific drug delivery.77,78”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The in vivo study confirmed the effectiveness of the drug-loaded nanofibers, as a significant lowering of the blood glucose level was observed in diabetic male Wistar rats. Furthermore, the patch showed better efficiency in controlling diabetes than did the commercial formulation.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [85] Sharma, A. et al. Electrospun composite nanofiber-based transmucosal patch for anti-diabetic drug delivery. J. Mater. Chem. B 1, 3410–3418 (2013). source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Scaffolds are employed in the position of natural fibrous collagen during bone tissue engineering, which plays a vital role in bone regeneration by regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.61”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Drug delivery systems > Scaffold
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [61] Ma, P. X. & Zhang, R. Synthetic nano‐scale fibrous extracellular matrix. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 46, 60–72 (1999). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The size of the nanoparticle was increased from 182 to 342 nm after the nanoparticles were modified with TMC, CSK, and INS, which decreased the zeta potential from 10 to 3 mV.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [86] Jin, Y. et al. Goblet cell-targeting nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery and the influence of mucus on insulin transport. Biomaterials 33, 1573–1582 (2012). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The liposome with a lipid:cholesterol ratio of 3:1 shows maximum insulin trapping efficiency along with good membrane fluidity and minimum insulin leakage from internal aqueous components.79”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [79] Zhang, X. et al. Enhanced hypoglycemic effect of biotin-modified liposomes loading insulin: effect of formulation variables, intracellular trafficking, and cytotoxicity. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9, 185 (2014). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As a result, these nanoparticles are able to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs as well as to bind macromolecules, such as proteins, antibodies or nucleic acids.46”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Drug delivery systems > Nanoparticle
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Elsabahy, M. & Wooley, K. L. Design of polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical delivery applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, 2545–2561 (2012). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The in vitro drug release study confirmed a sustained and controlled release pattern of the insulin from the nanofiber (Fig. 2a) and ~100% drug release from the patch occurred within 12 h. The release pattern follows first-order kinetics with an initial burst release of the drug.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [85] Sharma, A. et al. Electrospun composite nanofiber-based transmucosal patch for anti-diabetic drug delivery. J. Mater. Chem. B 1, 3410–3418 (2013). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Stealth liposomes have been used successfully in the delivery of doxorubicin for the treatment of solid tumors and are presently marketed as ‘Doxil’ or ‘Caelyx’.54”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Drug delivery systems > Liposome
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [54] Immordino, M. L., Dosio, F. & Cattel, L. Stealth liposomes: review of the basic science, rationale, and clinical applications, existing and potential. Int. J. Nanomed. 1, 297 (2006). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In an alternative approach, chitosan-coated liposomes facilitate insulin delivery, and the hypoglycemic efficacy increases with increasing chitosan molecular weight.80”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [80] Wu, Z., Ping, Q., Wei, Y. & Lai, J. Hypoglycemic efficacy of chitosan-coated insulin liposomes after oral administration in mice. Acta Pharmacologica Sin. 25, 966–972 (2004).
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, nanomedicines are emerging as a novel strategy to overcome the BBB and to provide the advantage of targeted and sustained release.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The inability or limited ability of currently available drug molecules to cross the blood–brain barrier is the major reason for their limited therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases.
In the paper
“AChE inhibitors improve postsynaptic stimulation by maintaining the levels of acetylcholine.98”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] Bentley, P., Driver, J. & Dolan, R. J. Modulation of fusiform cortex activity by cholinesterase inhibition predicts effects on subsequent memory. Brain 132, 2356–2371 (2009). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“PEGylated nanolipsomes and SLNs loaded with galantamine105 and memantine106 showed increased brain-targeted delivery with neuroprotective properties.106”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [105] Mufamadi, M. S. et al. Ligand-functionalized nanoliposomes for targeted delivery of galantamine. Int. J. Pharm. 448, 267–281 (2013). source
- Not checked yetcites [106] Laserra, S. et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with lipoyl–memantine codrug: preparation and characterization. Int. J. Pharm. 485, 183–191 (2015). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In another study, curcumin-loaded lactoferrin-functionalized nanolipid carriers enhanced brain uptake by 2.78-fold and could recover hippocampal damage in the AD animal model.112”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [112] Meng, F. et al. A novel LDL-mimic nanocarrier for the targeted delivery of curcumin into the brain to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 134, 88–97 (2015). source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The maximum drug entrapment of these SLNs was ~83 %, with greater than 90% drug release in 24 h.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Misra, S., Chopra, K., Sinha, V. & Medhi, B. Galantamine-loaded solid–lipid nanoparticles for enhanced brain delivery: preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Drug Deliv. 23, 1434–1443 (2016). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“DNA encoding interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles has been delivered into white blood cells to inhibit the T cell response against residual native islet cells in a prediabetic animal model. It was found to be very helpful in diabetic management because it inhibited diabetes development in 75% of the animals.94”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [94] Ko, K. S., Lee, M., Koh, J. J. & Kim, S. W. Combined administration of plasmids encoding IL-4 and IL-10 prevents the development of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Mol. Ther. 4, 313–316 (2001). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Interestingly, the encapsulation of curcumin and NGF in combination led to a synergistic effect and showed a clinical application in mitigating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.109,110”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [109] Kuo, Y.-c & Lin, C.-C. Rescuing apoptotic neurons in Alzheimer’s disease using wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated and cardiolipin-conjugated liposomes with encapsulated nerve growth factor and curcumin. Int. J. Nanomed. 10, 2653 (2015). source
- Not checked yetcites [110] Kuo, Y.-C. & Chou, P.-R. Neuroprotection against degeneration of SK-N-MC cells using neuron growth factor-encapsulated liposomes with surface cereport and transferrin. J. Pharm. Sci. 103, 2484–2497 (2014). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, RT-loaded chitosan NPs also improved memory function with reduced toxicity in a mouse model.102”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [102] Nagpal, K., Singh, S. & Mishra, D. Optimization of brain targeted chitosan nanoparticles of Rivastigmine for improved efficacy and safety. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 59, 72–83 (2013). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Interestingly, SLNs loaded with galantamine hydrobromide demonstrated enhanced bioavailability (two times higher than that of the pure drug) and improved memory and cognition in animals.104”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Misra, S., Chopra, K., Sinha, V. & Medhi, B. Galantamine-loaded solid–lipid nanoparticles for enhanced brain delivery: preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Drug Deliv. 23, 1434–1443 (2016). source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Memantine (a glutamate receptor antagonist) is a promising drug molecule that inhibits excess glutamate activity, which is important for memory and learning.99”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [99] Molinuevo, J. L., Lladó, A. & Rami, L. Memantine: targeting glutamate excitotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Am. J. Alzheimer’s. Dis. Other Demen. 20, 77–85 (2005). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“NGF adsorbed on PBCA-80-coated poly(butylcyanoacrylate) reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia and slowed the progression of neurodegeneration in a rat model.108”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [108] Kurakhmaeva, K. B. et al. Brain targeting of nerve growth factor using poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. J. Drug Target. 17, 564–574 (2009). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Nerve growth factor does not cross the blood–brain barrier efficiently.
In the paper
“Hence, the presence of CSK peptide increases the bioavailability of the insulin-loaded nanoparticles at the targeted site, which results in effective depression of the blood glucose level.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in diabetes management
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [86] Jin, Y. et al. Goblet cell-targeting nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery and the influence of mucus on insulin transport. Biomaterials 33, 1573–1582 (2012). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The maximum DA entrapment efficiency was 63%, and the DA peak was reported to be highest at day 3 in both the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of rats while maintaining an adequate level up to 30 days compared to inherent DA levels.117”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [117] Pillay, S. et al. Design, biometric simulation and optimization of a nano-enabled scaffold device for enhanced delivery of dopamine to the brain. Int. J. Pharm. 382, 277–290 (2009). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Neural stem cells of the subventricular zone treated with microRNA miR-124 NPs showed significant proliferation of neuroblasts (Ki67+/DCX+) but a lower number of proliferating glial cells or astrocyte-like cells (Ki67+/GFAP+) than in the control.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [132] Saraiva, C., Paiva, J., Santos, T., Ferreira, L. & Bernardino, L. MicroRNA-124 loaded nanoparticles enhance brain repair in Parkinson’s disease. J. Control. Release 235, 291–305 (2016). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Polymeric nanoparticles containing perfluoro-1,5-crown ether mediated miR-124 delivery and increased the number of migrating neuroblasts both in healthy mice and in 6-OHDA mouse models for PD.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [132] Saraiva, C., Paiva, J., Santos, T., Ferreira, L. & Bernardino, L. MicroRNA-124 loaded nanoparticles enhance brain repair in Parkinson’s disease. J. Control. Release 235, 291–305 (2016). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Intrastriatal implantation of silica-DA nanoformulation also reversed the symptoms in hemiparkinsonian rats with no observable side effects.118”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [118] López, T. et al. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease: nanostructured sol–gel silica–dopamine reservoirs for controlled drug release in the central nervous system. Int. J. Nanomed. 6, 19 (2011). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similar results were also observed by Garbayo et al., where PLGA-MS-mediated GDNF release demonstrated antiparkinsonian effects, as confirmed by the improvement in the amphetamine-induced rotational behavior test.130”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [130] Garbayo, E. et al. Effective GDNF brain delivery using microspheres—a promising strategy for Parkinson’s disease. J. Controlled Release 135, 119–126 (2009). source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Gujral et al. also showed that PLGA/collagen MS may be used to deliver GDNF, and in vitro application suggests that it stimulates the differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells into mature neurons.131”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [131] Gujral, C., Minagawa, Y., Fujimoto, K., Kitano, H. & Nakaji-Hirabayashi, T. Biodegradable microparticles for strictly regulating the release of neurotrophic factors. J. Control. Release 168, 307–316 (2013). source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“DA-loaded chitosan NPs facilitate transport across the BBB and minimize the cytotoxicity.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [116] Trapani, A. et al. Characterization and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles for dopamine brain delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 419, 296–307 (2011). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Limited permeability across the blood–brain barrier restricts the therapeutic potential of dopaminergic molecules in Parkinson's disease.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Apart from this GDNF-loaded microsphere increase in TH-positive fibers in the striatum and substantia nigra, the results suggested neuroprotection and neurorestoration activity.129,130”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [129] Jollivet, C. et al. Long-term effect of intra-striatal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-releasing microspheres in a partial rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci. Lett. 356, 207–210 (2004). source
- Not checked yetcites [130] Garbayo, E. et al. Effective GDNF brain delivery using microspheres—a promising strategy for Parkinson’s disease. J. Controlled Release 135, 119–126 (2009). source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, decreased expression of SOX-9 and Jagged1 was observed, which promotes neurogenesis by modulating other signaling pathways (Fig. 4c, d).”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [132] Saraiva, C., Paiva, J., Santos, T., Ferreira, L. & Bernardino, L. MicroRNA-124 loaded nanoparticles enhance brain repair in Parkinson’s disease. J. Control. Release 235, 291–305 (2016). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, nanomaterials avoid rapid renal excretion and remain in circulation for extended durations. This characteristic feature facilitates extravasation through the vascular system and allows nanomaterials to accumulate and distribute well in the desired tissue or organs, thereby achieving maximum therapeutic efficacy at minimum drug dosage.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other investigators also confirmed that chronic administration of rotigotine-loaded PLGA-MS in monkey and SD rats showed sustained release behavior accompanied by better safety.123,124”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [123] Ye, L. et al. Three-month subchronic intramuscular toxicity study of rotigotine-loaded microspheres in SD rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 56, 81–92 (2013). source
- Not checked yetcites [124] Tian, J. et al. Three-month subchronic intramuscular toxicity study of rotigotine-loaded microspheres in Cynomolgus monkeys. Food Chem. Toxicol. 52, 143–152 (2013). source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Sustained delivery and higher bioavailability of ropirinole, bromocriptine and apomorphine could be achieved through SLNs.126,127”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [126] Pardeshi, C. V., Rajput, P. V., Belgamwar, V. S., Tekade, A. R. & Surana, S. J. Novel surface modified solid lipid nanoparticles as intranasal carriers for ropinirole hydrochloride: application of factorial design approach. Drug Deliv. 20, 47–56 (2013). source
- Not checked yetcites [127] Tsai, M.-J. et al. Oral apomorphine delivery from solid lipid nanoparticles with different monostearate emulsifiers: pharmacokinetic and behavioral evaluations. J. Pharm. Sci. 100, 547–557 (2011). source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Similarly, a significant reduction in dyskinesis and improvement in PD symptoms and associated biochemical markers (ΔfosB, c-AMP-regulated phosphoprotein or phosphorylated dopamine) were observed in the PD animal model after the administration of levodopa/benserazide encapsulated in PLGA-NPs.120,121”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [120] Ren, T. et al. Sustained-release formulation of levodopa methyl ester/benserazide for prolonged suppressing dyskinesia expression in 6-OHDA-leisoned rats. Neurosci. Lett. 502, 117–122 (2011). source
- Not checked yetcites [121] Yang, X. et al. Controlled-release levodopa methyl ester/benserazide-loaded nanoparticles ameliorate levodopa-induced dyskinesia in rats. Int. J. Nanomed. 7, 2077 (2012).
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“PLA magnetic NPs of aliskiren showed better bioavailability and eventually better control of BP.142”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [142] Antal, I. et al. Magnetic poly (D, L-lactide) nanoparticles loaded with aliskiren: a promising tool for hypertension treatment. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 380, 280–284 (2015). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Polymer-based nisoldipine eudragit S100 nanoparticles released the drug from the polymer at the pH of the colon, which could circumvent drug metabolism in the gut and liver, thereby maintaining the integrity of the drug and extending the availability in systemic circulation.139”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [139] Nepolean, R., Narayanan, N., Subramaniyan, N., Venkateswaran, K. & Vinoth, J. Colon targeted methacrylic acid copolymeric nanoparticles for improved oral bioavailability of nisoldipine. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Res. 3, 962–967 (2012).
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Approximately 100-fold higher resolution than conventional computed tomography scans showed promise, and this approach is being clinically tested for application in human subjects.152”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [152] Weissleder, R., Nahrendorf, M. & Pittet, M. J. Imaging macrophages with nanoparticles. Nat. Mater. 13, 125 (2014). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, liposomal encapsulation of lercanidipine resulted in significantly improved drug absorption and bioavailability and eventually marked reduction in BP.147”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [147] Deshpande, P. B. et al. A novel nanoproliposomes of lercanidipine: Development, in vitro and preclinical studies to support its effectiveness in hypertension therapy. Life Sci. 162, 125–137 (2016). source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“M12PEG was also able to mitigate lipid accumulation (Oil Red O), inflammation (COX-2) and neointimal hyperplasia (smooth muscle cell, α-actin), demonstrating its efficacy in atherosclerotic disease (Fig. 5e–g).154”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [154] Lewis, D. R. et al. Sugar-based amphiphilic nanoparticles arrest atherosclerosis in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 2693–2698 (2015). source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Briefly, the successful entrapment of anti-hypertensive drugs by the nanoparticulate system protects the drug in circulation and prolongs the systemic availability of drugs at the desired concentration, which eventually regulates the BP.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As such, siRNA is highly prone to degradation and requires a delivery vehicle to circumvent degradation by endo- and exonucleases present in the blood circulation and cells.150”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [150] Nolte, A., Schneider, M., Walker, T. & Wendel, H. in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering-Cells and Biomaterials (IntechOpen, 2011).
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Inhalable montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers have been found to improve systemic bioavailability (12-fold) and eventual therapeutic outcomes compared to those of montelukast aqueous solutions.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [173] Patil-Gadhe, A., Kyadarkunte, A., Patole, M. & Pokharkar, V. Montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: part II pulmonary drug delivery and in vitro–in vivo aerosol performance. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 88, 169–177 (2014). source
- Not checked yetcites [174] Patil-Gadhe, A. & Pokharkar, V. Montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: part I oral bioavailability improvement. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 88, 160–168 (2014). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nanosized chitosan-coated PLGA NPs were reported to have the ability to sustain the release of CaMKIIN with effective cellular uptake (Fig. 7a–c).”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [175] Morris, A. S. et al. Cationic CaMKII inhibiting nanoparticles prevent allergic asthma. Mol. Pharm. 14, 2166–2175 (2017). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Inhalable drugs reduce dosing frequency, and bypassing the first pass hepatic metabolism reduces hepatocellular toxicity.173,174”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [173] Patil-Gadhe, A., Kyadarkunte, A., Patole, M. & Pokharkar, V. Montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: part II pulmonary drug delivery and in vitro–in vivo aerosol performance. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 88, 169–177 (2014). source
- Not checked yetcites [174] Patil-Gadhe, A. & Pokharkar, V. Montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: part I oral bioavailability improvement. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 88, 160–168 (2014). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Myocardial blood flow was significantly improved, accompanied by a significant decrease in infarct area (Fig. 6b, c).”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [162] Yajima, S. et al. Prostacyclin analogue–loaded nanoparticles attenuate myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in rats. JACC: Basic Transl. Sci. 4, 318–331 (2019).
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, upregulated pro-angiogenic cytokines (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1) were reported in the ischemic myocardium, which preserves the dense vascular network and facilitates myocardial blood flow.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [162] Yajima, S. et al. Prostacyclin analogue–loaded nanoparticles attenuate myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in rats. JACC: Basic Transl. Sci. 4, 318–331 (2019).
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover, treatment reduced their number in atherosclerotic plaques and reduced the infarct size after coronary artery occlusion.158”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [158] Leuschner, F. et al. Therapeutic siRNA silencing in inflammatory monocytes in mice. Nat. Biotechnol. 29, 1005 (2011). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ONO-1301 NPs helped downregulate troponin I (Fig. 6d) along with the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, which eventually led to enhanced myocardial blood flow and reduced infarct size.162”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [162] Yajima, S. et al. Prostacyclin analogue–loaded nanoparticles attenuate myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in rats. JACC: Basic Transl. Sci. 4, 318–331 (2019).
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Telodendrimer is a class of nanocarrier that has been reported to have higher loading capacity, higher stability and slower release of drug formulations than other types.176”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [176] Jackson, J. K., Zhang, X., Llewellen, S., Hunter, W. L. & Burt, H. M. The characterization of novel polymeric paste formulations for intratumoral delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 270, 185–198 (2004). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These chitosan-coated NPs specifically localize in the lungs and fluoresce up to 48 h, which suggests that NPs are able to release CaMKIIN with higher bioavailability and high retention time (Fig. 7e, f).175”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [175] Morris, A. S. et al. Cationic CaMKII inhibiting nanoparticles prevent allergic asthma. Mol. Pharm. 14, 2166–2175 (2017). source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Among polymeric nanoparticles, PLGA and poly-lactic acid (PLA) are promising FDA-approved drug delivery carriers and are currently being used in clinical settings.156”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in cardiovascular diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [156] Tyler, B., Gullotti, D., Mangraviti, A., Utsuki, T. & Brem, H. Polylactic acid (PLA) controlled delivery carriers for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 107, 163–175 (2016). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“NPs facilitate drug delivery directly to the target tissues, thus improving the lung deposition and eventually the therapeutic effects of anti-asthmatic drugs while attenuating the adverse side effects.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [168] SILVA, A. L. et al. Nanoparticle-based therapy for respiratory diseases. An. da Academia Brasileira de. Ciências 85, 137–146 (2013). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Inhalation minimizes drug resistance, therapeutic dose, and side effects when delivering nanomedicines to the lung.
In the paper
“Polymeric nanomaterials entrap the drug efficiently and either allow drug release in a sustained manner or facilitate the release kinetics in response to cellular or extracellular stimuli, such as temperature, pH, and redox potential.164”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [164] Liechty, W. B., Kryscio, D. R., Slaughter, B. V. & Peppas, N. A. Polymers for drug delivery systems. Annu. Rev. Chem. biomolecular Eng. 1, 149–173 (2010). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In recent times, biodegradable DNA NPs have shown potential for inhaled lung gene therapy, which is capable of overcoming the mucus barrier of lung airways.183”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [183] Mastorakos, P. et al. Highly compacted biodegradable DNA nanoparticles capable of overcoming the mucus barrier for inhaled lung gene therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 8720–8725 (2015). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ciprofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes has been employed in anti-TB therapy, offering pulmonary delivery through nebulization.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [207] Finlay, W. & Wong, J. Regional lung deposition of nebulized liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin. Int. J. pharmaceutics 167, 121–127 (1998). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The majority of the macrophages that were incubated with RITC-labeled NP-RIF internalized the fluorescent nanoparticles and exhibited 10-fold higher fluorescence intensity than the untreated control macrophages.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [204] Clemens, D. L. et al. Targeted intracellular delivery of antituberculosis drugs to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages via functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. 56, 2535–2545 (2012). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this context, the inhalation route is advantageous for the pulmonary delivery of anti-TB drugs and requires lower doses to achieve therapeutic effects. The pulmonary delivery of drugs is a convenient and effective approach for the treatment of TB.202”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [202] Willis, L., Hayes, D. & Mansour, H. M. Therapeutic liposomal dry powder inhalation aerosols for targeted lung delivery. Lung 190, 251–262 (2012). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This approach has the advantage of achieving pharmacologically effective drug concentrations in the AMs, which ensures better treatment outcomes.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Drug-specific surface functionalization has been employed for RIF, and further functionalization with poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) yields high loading and controlled drug delivery to MTB-infected macrophages compared to uncoated MSNP.204”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [204] Clemens, D. L. et al. Targeted intracellular delivery of antituberculosis drugs to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages via functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. 56, 2535–2545 (2012). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The current treatment strategy for COPD includes inhaled corticosteroids, anticholinergics, and β2-agonists, which have been primarily effective in controlling the symptoms but do not cure the underlying disease.184”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [184] Vogelmeier, C. F. et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. GOLD executive summary. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 195, 557–582 (2017). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the nanodrug delivery system reduces the adverse systemic side effects and frequency of drug administration, which eventually leads to better patient compliance.196,197”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [196] Pham, D.-D., Fattal, E. & Tsapis, N. Pulmonary drug delivery systems for tuberculosis treatment. Int. J. pharmaceutics 478, 517–529 (2015). source
- Not checked yetcites [197] Andrade, F. et al. Nanotechnology and pulmonary delivery to overcome resistance in infectious diseases. Adv. drug Deliv. Rev. 65, 1816–1827 (2013). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Delamanid and bedaquiline have shown promise to fight against multidrug resistance (MDR) TB.200”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [200] Tadolini, M. et al. First case of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis treated with both delamanid and bedaquiline. Eur. Respiratory J. 48, 935–938 (2016). source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Therefore, MTB can multiply and spread to other organs of the body, resulting in extrapulmonary TB.195”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [195] Krishnan, N., Robertson, B. D. & Thwaites, G. The mechanisms and consequences of the extra-pulmonary dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 90, 361–366 (2010). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Finlay et al. showed high loading efficiency (90%) of liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and Chol, of which up to 30% remained encapsulated after nebulization.207”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [207] Finlay, W. & Wong, J. Regional lung deposition of nebulized liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin. Int. J. pharmaceutics 167, 121–127 (1998). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A formulation of PEGylated immunoconjugated PLGA-nanoparticles demonstrated the targeted delivery of ibuprofen (an anti-inflammatory drug) to neutrophils, which inhibited neutrophilic inflammation in a lipopolysaccharide-induced murine model of obstructive lung disease.190”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [190] Vij, N., Min, T., Bodas, M., Gorde, A. & Roy, I. Neutrophil targeted nano-drug delivery system for chronic obstructive lung diseases. Nanomed.: Nanotechnol., Biol. Med. 12, 2415–2427 (2016). source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several methods have been proposed for targeting tumors, e.g., the enhanced permeation and retention effect where the leaky vasculature promotes the permeation of small molecules and poor lymphatic drainage allows the retention and accumulation of chemotherapeutics in the tumor.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Common features of tumors include leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage.
In the paper
“Interestingly, all these formulations showed sustained release for up to 72 h with an initial burst drug release pattern of less than 20% in the first 6 h.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [217] Pandey, R. & Khuller, G. Solid lipid particle-based inhalable sustained drug delivery system against experimental tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 85, 227–234 (2005). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In another study, RIF encapsulated in liposomes (made of PC and Chol) as aerosols showed a sustained release profile with an encapsulation efficiency of ~30%.210”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [210] Gaur, P. K. et al. Targeted drug delivery of Rifampicin to the lungs: formulation, characterization, and stability studies of preformed aerosolized liposome and in situ formed aerosolized liposome. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 36, 638–646 (2010). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In one of the reports, liposomes 90 nm in diameter could escape from the leaky tumor vasculature but did not permeate away from the tumor for a week.227”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [227] Yuan, F. et al. Mirovascular permeability and interstitial penetration of sterically stabilized (stealth) liposomes in a human tumor xenograft. Cancer Res. 54, 3352–3356 (1994).
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Smaller molecules accumulate in tumors faster than larger molecules, but larger molecules can be retained for longer times within the tumor.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, in vivo studies confirmed the higher accumulation of rifabutin in lungs with less immunogenicity for mannose-coated formulations.216”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [216] Nimje, N. et al. Mannosylated nanoparticulate carriers of rifabutin for alveolar targeting. J. Drug Target. 17, 777–787 (2009). source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This approach reduces systemic and local toxicity and provides better results than uncoated formulations.212”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [212] Deol, P., Khuller, G. & Joshi, K. Therapeutic efficacies of isoniazid and rifampin encapsulated in lung-specific stealth liposomes against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induced in mice. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. 41, 1211–1214 (1997). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“DPPC has also been employed for INH delivery; however, the loading efficiency was found to be lower (~37%).209”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [209] Chimote, G. & Banerjee, R. Evaluation of antitubercular drug‐loaded surfactants as inhalable drug‐delivery systems for pulmonary tuberculosis. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 89, 281–292 (2009). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the enhanced permeation effect (EPR), the delivered agent is released locally and rapidly taken up by cancerous cells to accomplish its function.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A mannose coating on SLNs made of tristearin has been found to be suitable for drug delivery, and the cellular uptake of rifabutin was enhanced up to six-fold compared to that of uncoated formulations.216”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [216] Nimje, N. et al. Mannosylated nanoparticulate carriers of rifabutin for alveolar targeting. J. Drug Target. 17, 777–787 (2009). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mannose is a common ligand associated with lipid NPs.214”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [214] Yu, W., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Zhang, N. & Xu, W. Mannan-modified solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted gene delivery to alveolar macrophages. Pharm. Res. 27, 1584–1596 (2010). source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This formulation was optimized with a drug entrapment efficiency of 79%, and a sustained release pattern could be achieved showing higher anti-TB activity than that of the pure drug.211”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [211] Patil, J. S., Devi, V. K., Devi, K. & Sarasija, S. A novel approach for lung delivery of rifampicin-loaded liposomes in dry powder form for the treatment of tuberculosis. Lung India. 32, 331 (2015). source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The main advantage of local therapy is that the pharmaceutical concentration of chemotherapeutics in the tumor environment can be maximized, and the toxicity to other nontargeted organs can be minimized.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [219] Chew, S. A. & Danti, S. Biomaterial-Based Implantable Devices for Cancer Therapy. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 6, 1600766 (2017). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, the formulation was biocompatible, and sustained release was maintained for up to 24 h with a burst release of 50% in the first 5 h.209”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [209] Chimote, G. & Banerjee, R. Evaluation of antitubercular drug‐loaded surfactants as inhalable drug‐delivery systems for pulmonary tuberculosis. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 89, 281–292 (2009). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Several classes of materials have been developed to date for targeted therapy, including biodegradable polymers, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoshells and nucleic acid-based NPs.2”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] Singh, N. K. et al. Nanostructure controlled anti-cancer drug delivery using poly (ε-caprolactone) based nanohybrids. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 17853–17863 (2012). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Similarly, rifapentine-loaded proliposomal dry powder was effective in the direct delivery of the drug to the lungs and eventually had a better therapeutic effect.211”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Nanomedicines in respiratory diseases
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [211] Patil, J. S., Devi, V. K., Devi, K. & Sarasija, S. A novel approach for lung delivery of rifampicin-loaded liposomes in dry powder form for the treatment of tuberculosis. Lung India. 32, 331 (2015). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Polyurethane-grafted chitosan-based brush hydrogels have been used as injectable hydrogels in tissue engineering.251”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [251] Mahanta, A. K., Senapati, S. & Maiti, P. A polyurethane–chitosan brush as an injectable hydrogel for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering. Polym. Chem. 8, 6233–6249 (2017). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The coupling of hydrophilic terminal groups with folate units for active targeting showed high stability and exhibited sustained release.247”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [247] Shi, C. et al. Actively targeted delivery of anticancer drug to tumor cells by redox-responsive star-shaped micelles. Biomaterials 35, 8711–8722 (2014). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The conjugation of cholesterol altered the particle size and enhanced the encapsulation efficiency.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [248] Kumari, P. et al. Cholesterol-conjugated poly(D, L-lactide)-based micelles as a nanocarrier system for effective delivery of curcumin in cancer therapy. Drug Deliv. 24, 209–223 (2017). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Targeted therapy is thus the combination of targeted delivery with sustained drug release, which allows the maximum utilization of the drug delivered at the tumor site.236”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [236] Ferrari, M. Cancer nanotechnology: opportunities and challenges. Nat. Rev. Cancer 5, 161 (2005). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Polymeric nanoparticles can be formulated for the encapsulation of various hydrophilic and hydrophobic smaller molecules, particularly drugs and macromolecules such as proteins or peptides.232”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [232] Perez, C. et al. Poly (lactic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol) nanoparticles as new carriers for the delivery of plasmid DNA. J. Control. Release 75, 211–224 (2001). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The sustained release of paclitaxel and curcumin occurred in sequential kinetics, and curcumin downregulated nuclear factor NF-kB and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel.239”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [239] Ruttala, H. B. & Ko, Y. T. Liposomal co-delivery of curcumin and albumin/paclitaxel nanoparticle for enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 128, 419–426 (2015). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Li and coworkers showed the size effect of pH-sensitive nanoparticles composed of dendrimer building blocks with better tumor penetration and their dissociation into smaller sizes in the tumor environment.245”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [245] Li, H.-J. et al. Smart superstructures with ultrahigh pH-sensitivity for targeting acidic tumor microenvironment: instantaneous size switching and improved tumor penetration. ACS nano 10, 6753–6761 (2016). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The drug release was controlled, and higher cytotoxicity was observed in HeLa cells, which was further confirmed through in vivo tumor suppression in a murine model, indicating its application as a drug delivery vehicle.1,231”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Senapati, S. et al. Layered double hydroxides as effective carrier for anticancer drugs and tailoring of release rate through interlayer anions. J. Control. Release 224, 186–198 (2016). source
- Not checked yetcites [231] Senapati, S. et al. Engineered cellular uptake and controlled drug delivery using two dimensional nanoparticle and polymer for cancer treatment. Mol. Pharm. 15, 679–694 (2018). source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The rate of release can be governed through polymer modification, the development of new polymers, or the synthesis of copolymers.233–235”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [233] Langer, R. New methods of drug delivery. Science 249, 1527–1533 (1990). source
- Not checked yetcites [234] Langer, R. Drug delivery and targeting. Nature, 392, 5–10 (1998). source
- Not checked yetcites [235] Langer, R. & Folkman, J. Polymers for the sustained release of proteins and other macromolecules. Nature 263, 797 (1976). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Dendrimers are one of the important classes of drug carriers and operate by encapsulating drugs in their unique macromolecular architecture.242”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [242] Andresen, T. L., Jensen, S. S. & Jørgensen, K. Advanced strategies in liposomal cancer therapy: problems and prospects of active and tumor specific drug release. Prog. lipid Res. 44, 68–97 (2005). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Liposomes are amphiphilic in nature and are composed of natural or synthetic lipids.237”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [237] Torchilin, V. P. Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 4, 145 (2005). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly porous, 3D-interconnected nanohybrid scaffolds/hydrogels controlled drug release and were biocompatible as well.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [252] Mahanta, A. K. et al. Nanoparticle-induced controlled drug delivery using chitosan-based hydrogel and scaffold: application to bone regeneration. Mol. Pharm. 16, 327–338 (2018). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The encapsulation of drugs in micelles is achieved through various physical, chemical or electrostatic interactions.246”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [246] Park, J. H. et al. Polymeric nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Prog. Polym. Sci. 33, 113–137 (2008). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A well-known type of 2D nanocarrier, layered double hydroxides, has drawn attention for its potential as a drug carrier due to its high drug-loading capacity, biocompatibility, and anion exchange capability.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The internal and external surfaces of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can easily be modified for the incorporation of targeting ligands, and their high specific surface areas make them advantageous for diverse applications.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The scaffold has been found to be safe and very effective in bone regeneration compared to pure chitosan.252”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [252] Mahanta, A. K. et al. Nanoparticle-induced controlled drug delivery using chitosan-based hydrogel and scaffold: application to bone regeneration. Mol. Pharm. 16, 327–338 (2018). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The main benefits of these biodegradable polymers are maintaining the drug concentration in the optimum range for a longer period of time and thereby increasing the efficacy of the drug and improving patient compliance.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Liposomal formulations with anticancer drugs have been approved by the FDA for human use.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Microgels loaded with DOX showed anticancer activity against HeLa cells, and supramolecular hydrogels of α CD- and polyethylene-modified gold nanocrystals exhibited sustained drug release via host-guest interaction.253”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [253] Yu, J., Ha, W., Sun, J.-n & Shi, Y.-p Supramolecular hybrid hydrogel based on host–guest interaction and its application in drug delivery. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 19544–19551 (2014). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Injectable gel of this superstructure, when placed subcutaneously in melanoma mice, showed complete shrinkage, which has a greater effect than that of the pure drug, and none of the side effects observed in conventional chemotherapy occurred.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [256] Shukla, A., Singh, A. P., Dubey, T., Hemalatha, S. & Maiti, P. Third Generation Cyclodextrin Graft with Polyurethane Embedded in Hydrogel for a Sustained Drug Release: Complete Shrinkage of Melanoma. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2, 1762–1771 (2019). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although most of the preclinical studies have been reported to be successful, clinical translation is a major challenge that requires a large number of well-defined clinical trials in various disease cohorts.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Conclusion and future perspective
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since nanoencapsulation increases the circulation half-lives and drug retention in the body, short-term and long-term side effects must be assessed before its authorized application in human diseases.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Conclusion and future perspective
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A suitable drug carrier is important to ensure site-specific sustained drug delivery.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Conclusion and future perspective
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The biodistribution study of the pure drug and gel showed the efficacy of sustained release, since the drug is retained for a longer time period from Mod-Gel-d while it is rapidly eliminated in the pure form as a drug (Fig. 8h).256”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [256] Shukla, A., Singh, A. P., Dubey, T., Hemalatha, S. & Maiti, P. Third Generation Cyclodextrin Graft with Polyurethane Embedded in Hydrogel for a Sustained Drug Release: Complete Shrinkage of Melanoma. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2, 1762–1771 (2019). source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nanotechnology-based diagnosis and treatment strategies have been successfully delivered in both preclinical and clinical trials.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Conclusion and future perspective
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This thermosensitive HDI-PF127/HA hydrogel possessed adequate physiochemical and biological properties and was used as a delivery carrier for the sustained release of anticancer drugs in cancer therapy.254”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [254] Chen, Y.-Y., Wu, H.-C., Sun, J.-S., Dong, G.-C. & Wang, T.-W. Injectable and thermoresponsive self-assembled nanocomposite hydrogel for long-term anticancer drug delivery. Langmuir 29, 3721–3729 (2013). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, complete melanoma shrinkage with higher biodistribution of the drug through a gel placed subcutaneously is an effective carrier for cancer treatment.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Treatment of mice bearing melanoma with developed patches of drug-loaded graft copolymers showed significant tumor suppression compared to the effect of the pure drug, where slight suppression was noticed arising from its burst release.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [255] Shukla, A. et al. Efficacy of polyurethane graft on cyclodextrin to control drug release for tumor treatment. J. colloid Interface Sci. 534, 215–227 (2019). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, drugs embedded in nanoparticles, whether inorganic or organic, exhibit sustained drug release and thereby exhibit much greater therapeutic effects than the pure drug.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Cancer and challenges in its therapy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The inability or limited ability of currently available drug molecules to cross the blood–brain barrier is the major reason for their limited therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases.
“The inability or limited ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the major reason for the limited therapeutic effects of the currently available drug molecules.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Nerve growth factor does not cross the blood–brain barrier efficiently.
“Nerve growth factor (NGF) does not cross the BBB efficiently”
The paper relies on this without support.
Limited permeability across the blood–brain barrier restricts the therapeutic potential of dopaminergic molecules in Parkinson's disease.
“However, limited permeability across the BBB restricts the therapeutic potential of these dopaminergic molecules.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Chronic administration of levodopa induces dyskinesis.
“The chronic administration of levodopa induces dyskinesis”
The paper relies on this without support.
Pulsatile administration of the dopaminergic system promotes motor complications such as dyskinesia.
“pulsatile administration promotes motor complications (dyskinesia)”
The paper relies on this without support.
pH differences of the gastrointestinal tract hinder the pharmacological activity of drugs.
“the pH differences of gastrointestinal tracts (acidic in stomach and basic in the intestine) hinder the pharmacological activity of the drugs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The major reason for the failure of most clinical trials in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is insufficient drug delivery within a limited therapeutic time window.
“The major reason for the failure of most clinical trials in myocardial IR injury is insufficient drug delivery within a limited therapeutic time window.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Inhalation minimizes drug resistance, therapeutic dose, and side effects when delivering nanomedicines to the lung.
“inhalation is an advantageous approach to deliver nanomedicines to the lung because this delivery method minimizes drug resistance, therapeutic dose, and side effects.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CaMKII is overexpressed in asthmatic patients.
“Reports suggest the overexpression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in asthmatic patients.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CaMKII inhibition reduces disease phenotypes of allergic asthma.
“CaMKII inhibition reduced disease phenotypes of allergic asthma”
The paper relies on this without support.
The major challenges in nanotherapeutics of COPD are airway defense, mucus hypersecretion and severe inflammation.
“The major challenges in the nanotherapeutics of COPD are airway defense, mucus hypersecretion and severe inflammation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
New drugs are always needed to fight drug-resistant tuberculosis.
“new drugs are always needed to fight drug-resistant TB.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Repeated administration of high doses is required to achieve therapeutic levels of anti-TB drugs by the oral route due to rapid hepatic first-pass metabolism and reduced gastro-intestinal absorption.
“Although the oral route is the most convenient and least expensive, repeated administration of high doses is required to achieve therapeutic levels of anti-TB drugs due to rapid hepatic first-pass metabolism and reduced gastro-intestinal absorption.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Encapsulation of drugs into nano drug delivery systems offers potential benefits to penetrate and cross biological barriers to reach targeted sites in the lungs.
“In this context, the encapsulation of drugs into nano drug delivery systems offers a number of potential benefits to penetrate and cross the biological barriers to reach the targeted sites in the lungs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Technologies such as chemotherapy, injections of micro/nanoparticles, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy possess defects associated with systemic delivery, such as poor/low drug concentration at the tumor site, nonselectivity towards cells or tissues leading to toxicity, and low efficacy due to short half-life.
“However, these technologies possess some defects associated with systemic delivery, such as poor/low drug concentration at the tumor site, nonselectivity towards cells or tissues leading to toxicity, and the low efficacy of the drugs due their short half-life.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Common features of tumors include leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage.
“Common features of tumors include leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In conventional chemotherapy, it is difficult to achieve therapeutic concentrations at the tumor site through systemic delivery.
“In conventional chemotherapy, it is difficult to achieve therapeutic concentrations at the tumor site through systemic delivery.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The physicochemical properties of drugs encapsulated in nanoparticles are the most important characteristic for achieving proper drug distribution in the lungs.
“The physicochemical properties of drugs encapsulated in nanoparticles are the most important characteristic for achieving a proper drug distribution in lungs.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“They consist of an inner layer and an outer layer. Functional groups that are used for drug conjugation and targeting make up the outer layer. The drug encapsulation efficiency, drug toxicity, and controlled release mechanisms are all improved in the inner layer.26”
From Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
“Levodopa therapy is also a widely used strategy in AD patients; however, the application of nanoformulations in clinical settings is rare.”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
“On the other hand, dopamimetic drugs such as levodopa and carbidopa are prescribed for PD patients.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
“Furthermore, these data were supported by significantly improved spatial learning and memory (Fig. 3d, e).114”
§ Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles > Application of various nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment > Neurological disease control using nanomaterials
“d Percentage cumulative drug release showed sustained drug release of EGCG/AA NPs over free EGCG. e Schematic diagram of therapeutic effects of EGCG/AA NPs in an AD mouse model.”
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Mahanta, A. K., Senapati, S., & Maiti, P. (2017) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c7py01218g · Cited by 52
Self-citationRetractedNanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy
Peer, D., Karp, J. M., Hong, S., Farokhzad, O. C., Margalit, R., & Langer, R. (2007) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.387 · Cited by 8,710
Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects
Patra, J. K., Das, G., Fraceto, L. F., Campos, E. V. R., Rodríguez-Torres, M. D. P., Acosta‐Torres, L. S., Diaz-Torres, L. A., Grillo, R., Swamy, M. K., Sharma, S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-018-0392-8 · Cited by 7,085
Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review
Ahmed, E. M. (2015) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2013.07.006 · Cited by 5,800
Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers
Torchilin, V. P. (2005) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1632 · Cited by 5,282
Hydrogels for biomedical applications
Hoffman, A. S. (2002) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00239-3 · Cited by 4,864
Cancer nanotechnology: opportunities and challenges
Ferrari, M. (2005) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1566 · Cited by 4,558
Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations
Peppas, N. (2000) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0939-6411(00)00090-4 · Cited by 4,011
Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications
Akbarzadeh, A., Rezaei-Sadabady, R., Davaran, S., Joo, S. W., Zarghami, N., Hanifehpour, Y., Samiei, M., Kouhi, M., & Nejati‐Koshki, K. (2013) · Nanoscale Research Letters · doi:10.1186/1556-276x-8-102 · Cited by 3,648
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices
Soppimath, K. S., Aminabhavi, T. M., Kulkarni, A. R., & Rudzinski, W. E. (2001) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00339-4 · Cited by 3,549
Long-Circulating and Target-Specific Nanoparticles: Theory to Practice
Moghimi, S. M., Hunter, A. C., & Murray, J. C. (2001) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01494-7 · Cited by 3,521
Block copolymer micelles for drug delivery: design, characterization and biological significance
Kataoka, K., Harada, A., & Nagasaki, Y. (2001) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(00)00124-1 · Cited by 3,506
Hydrogels for biomedical applications
Hoffman, A. S. (2012) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.010 · Cited by 3,396
Vogelmeier, C. F., Criner, G. J., Martinez, F. J., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Bourbeau, J., Celli, B. R., Chen, R., Decramer, M., Fabbri, L. M., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201701-0218pp · Cited by 3,187
Thermo- and pH-responsive polymers in drug delivery☆
SCHMALJOHANN, D. (2006) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.020 · Cited by 3,023
Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages
Aderem, A., & Underhill, D. M. (1999) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.593 · Cited by 2,854
Advances and Challenges of Liposome Assisted Drug Delivery
Sercombe, L., Veerati, T., Moheimani, F., Wu, S. Y., Sood, A. K., & Hua, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00286 · Cited by 2,672
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target
Hausenloy, D. J., & Yellon, D. M. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci62874 · Cited by 2,357
Controlled drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment and their performance
Senapati, S., Mahanta, A. K., Kumar, S., & Maiti, P. (2018) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-017-0004-3 · Cited by 2,167
Self-citationA Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes
Landon, M. B., Spong, C. Y., Thom, E., Carpenter, M. W., Ramin, S. M., Casey, B., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., Rouse, D. J., Thorp, J. M., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0902430 · Cited by 2,122 · cited 1×
“The hyperglycemic condition in DM may result in chronic vascular effects such as nephropathy, neuropathy, stroke, cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and fatty liver.(72,73) For the management of diabetes, a monitoring programme is necessary to help to control the conditions and consequence complications through th…”
BackgroundHillery, A. M., Lloyd, A. W., & Swarbrick, J. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b12801 · Cited by 2,031
Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects
Moghimi, S. M., Hunter, A. C., & Murray, J. C. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-2747rev · Cited by 2,029
New-Concept Chemotherapy by Nanoparticles of Biodegradable Polymers: Where Are We Now?
Feng, S.-S. (2006) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/17435889.1.3.297 · Cited by 1,951
Inorganic Nanoparticles for MRI Contrast Agents
Na, H. B., Song, I. C., & Hyeon, T. (2009) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200802366 · Cited by 1,811
Langer, R. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2218494 · Cited by 1,778
Design of polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical delivery applications
Elsabahy, M., & Wooley, K. L. (2012) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c2cs15327k · Cited by 1,717
Convergent Dendrons and Dendrimers: from Synthesis to Applications
Grayson, S. M., & Fréchet, J. M. J. (2001) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr990116h · Cited by 1,636
Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems
Liechty, W. B., Kryscio, D. R., Slaughter, B. V., & Peppas, N. A. (2010) · Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-100847 · Cited by 1,608
Block copolymer micelles: preparation, characterization and application in drug delivery
Gaucher, G., Dufresne, M.-H., Sant, V. P., Kang, N., Maysinger, D., & Leroux, J.-C. (2005) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.09.034 · Cited by 1,498
Applications of nanoparticle systems in drug delivery technology
Rizvi, S. A. A., & Saleh, A. (2017) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2017.10.012 · Cited by 1,398
Dendrimers and dendritic polymers in drug delivery
Gillies, E. R., & Fréchet, J. M. J. (2005) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03276-3 · Cited by 1,361
Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease
Nussbaum, R. L., & Ellis, C. E. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm2003ra020003 · Cited by 1,351
Bae, Y., Fukushima, S., Harada, A., & Kataoka, K. (2003) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200250653 · Cited by 1,329
Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: state of the art and new perspectives
Roseti, L., Parisi, V., Petretta, M., Cavallo, C., Desando, G., Bartolotti, I., & Grigolo, B. (2017) · Materials Science and Engineering: C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.017 · Cited by 1,320
GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Meier, J. J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.140 · Cited by 1,311 · cited 1×
“In conventional therapy, oral hyperglycemic agents, and parenteral preparations of insulin and glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor are generally used.(76) Insulin is produced by β cells of the pancreas and enters the blood through exocytosis.”
BackgroundDendrimers: synthesis, applications, and properties
Abbasi, E., Aval, S. F., Akbarzadeh, A., Milani, M., Nasrabadi, H. T., Joo, S. W., Hanifehpour, Y., Nejati‐Koshki, K., & Pashaei‐Asl, R. (2014) · Nanoscale Research Letters · doi:10.1186/1556-276x-9-247 · Cited by 1,283
Liposomes in drug delivery: Progress and limitations
Sharma, A. (1997) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00135-x · Cited by 1,253
Jun, Y., Huh, Y., Choi, J., Lee, J.-H., Song, H., Kim, S. J., Yoon, S., Kim, K., Shin, J., Suh, J., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0422155 · Cited by 1,195
Polymers for the sustained release of proteins and other macromolecules
LANGER, R., & FOLKMAN, J. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/263797a0 · Cited by 1,182
Advanced drug delivery devices via self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers
Rösler, A., Vandermeulen, G. W. M., & Klok, H. (2001) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00222-8 · Cited by 1,169
Synthetic nano-scale fibrous extracellular matrix
Ma, P. X., & Zhang, R. (1999) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199907)46:1 · Cited by 1,065
Polylactic acid (PLA) controlled delivery carriers for biomedical applications
Tyler, B., Gullotti, D., Mangraviti, A., Utsuki, T., & Brem, H. (2016) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.018 · Cited by 1,050
Safety assessment for nanotechnology and nanomedicine: concepts of nanotoxicology
Oberdörster, G. (2009) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02187.x · Cited by 943
Yuan, F., Leunig, M., Huang, S. K., Berk, D. A., Papahadjopoulos, D., & Jain, R. K. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 908
Lombardo, D., Kiselev, M. A., & Caccamo, M. T. (2019) · Journal of Nanomaterials · doi:10.1155/2019/3702518 · Cited by 864
Therapeutic siRNA silencing in inflammatory monocytes in mice
Leuschner, F., Dutta, P., Gorbatov, R., Novobrantseva, T. I., Donahoe, J. S., Courties, G., Lee, K. M., Kim, J. I., Markmann, J. F., Marinelli, B., et al. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1989 · Cited by 839
Imaging macrophages with nanoparticles
Weissleder, R., Nahrendorf, M., & Pittet, M. J. (2014) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3780 · Cited by 809
Block copolymer micelles for drug delivery: Design, characterization and biological significance
Kataoka, K., Harada, A., & Nagasaki, Y. (2012) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.013 · Cited by 804
Randomized Trial of Lifestyle Modification and Pharmacotherapy for Obesity
Wadden, T. A., Berkowitz, R. I., Womble, L. G., Sarwer, D. B., Phelan, S., Cato, R. K., Hesson, L. A., Osei, S. Y., Kaplan, R., & Stunkard, A. J. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050156 · Cited by 794
Adherence to Therapies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
García‐Pérez, L., Álvarez, M., Dilla, T., Gil-Guillén, V. F., & Orozco‐Beltrán, D. (2013) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-013-0034-y · Cited by 783
In vivo evaluation of polymeric micellar paclitaxel formulation: toxicity and efficacy
Kim, S. C., Kim, D. W., Shim, Y. H., Bang, J. S., Oh, H. S., Kim, S. W., & Seo, M. H. (2001) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00275-9 · Cited by 734
Nanomedicine therapeutic approaches to overcome cancer drug resistance
Markman, J. L., Rekechenetskiy, A., Holler, E., & Ljubimova, J. Y. (2013) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.019 · Cited by 733 · cited 1×
“The primary rationale of using a suitable drug delivery system is its ability to ensure a higher and longer duration of drug bioavailability and thereby enhanced therapeutic efficacy.(14,15) Various materials with different structural forms are conjugated with drugs to prepare nano drug delivery systems.”
BackgroundDendrimer‐based metal chelates: A new class of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents
Wiener, E. C., Brechbiel, M. W., Brothers, H. M., Magin, R. L., Gansow, O. A., Tomalia, D. A., & Lauterbur, P. C. (1994) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910310102 · Cited by 719
Dendrimers as Nanocarriers for Nucleic Acid and Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
Palmerston Mendes, L., Pan, J., & Torchilin, V. (2017) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules22091401 · Cited by 701
Scaffold Design for Tissue Engineering
Chen, G., Ushida, T., & Tateishi, T. (2002) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/1616-5195(20020201)2:2 · Cited by 698
Advanced drug delivery devices via self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers
Rösler, A., Vandermeulen, G. W. M., & Klok, H.-A. (2012) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.026 · Cited by 688
Mahapatro, A., & Singh, D. K. (2011) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/1477-3155-9-55 · Cited by 685
Managing diabetes with nanomedicine: challenges and opportunities
Omid Veiseh, A., Tang, B. C., Whitehead, K. A., Anderson, D. G., & Langer, R. (2014) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4477 · Cited by 623
Scaffold Techniques and Designs in Tissue Engineering Functions and Purposes: A Review
Eltom, A., Zhong, G., & Ameen, M. (2019) · Advances in Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1155/2019/3429527 · Cited by 617
Polymeric micelles as drug delivery vehicles
Ahmad, Z., Shah, A., Siddiq, M., & Kraatz, H.-B. (2014) · RSC Adv. · doi:10.1039/c3ra47370h · Cited by 610
PATRI, A., KUKOWSKALATALLO, J., & BAKERJR, J. (2005) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2005.09.014 · Cited by 597
Andresen, T. L., Jensen, S. S., & Jørgensen, K. (2005) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2004.12.001 · Cited by 580
Li, H.-J., Du, J.-Z., Liu, J., Du, X.-J., Shen, S., Zhu, Y.-H., Wang, X., Ye, X., Nie, S., & Wang, J. (2016) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b02326 · Cited by 537
Köping‐Höggård, M., Tubulekas, I., Guan, H., Edwards, K., Nilsson, M., Vårum, K. M., & Artursson, P. (2001) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3301492 · Cited by 532
A Review of Clinical Translation of Inorganic Nanoparticles
Anselmo, A. C., & Mitragotri, S. (2015) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-015-9780-2 · Cited by 509
Polyester Dendritic Systems for Drug Delivery Applications: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
Padilla De Jesús, O. L., Ihre, H. R., Gagne, L., Fréchet, J. M. J., & Szoka, F. C. (2002) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc010103m · Cited by 507
Polymeric nanomedicine for cancer therapy
Park, J. H., Lee, S., Kim, J.-H., Park, K., Kim, K., & Kwon, I. C. (2008) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.09.003 · Cited by 506
Koziolek, M., Grimm, M. F., Becker, D., Iordanov, V. P., Zou, H., Shimizu, J., Wanke, C., Garbacz, G., & Weitschies, W. (2014) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.24274 · Cited by 473
Noninvasive detection of macrophages using a nanoparticulate contrast agent for computed tomography
Hyafil, F., Cornily, J.-C., Feig, J. E., Gordon, R., Vucic, E., Amirbekian, V., Fisher, E. A., Fuster, V., Feldman, L. J., & Fayad, Z. A. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1571 · Cited by 467
Host–pathogen coevolution in human tuberculosis
Gagneux, S. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0316 · Cited by 443
Catechol Polymers for pH-Responsive, Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells
Su, J., Chen, F., Cryns, V. L., & Messersmith, P. B. (2011) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja203077x · Cited by 439
Zensi, A., Begley, D., Pontikis, C., Legros, C., Mihoreanu, L., Wagner, S., Büchel, C., von Briesen, H., & Kreuter, J. (2009) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.03.002 · Cited by 438
Islet Transplantation as a Treatment for Diabetes — A Work in Progress
Robertson, R. P. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra032425 · Cited by 434
Degradable natural polymer hydrogels for articular cartilage tissue engineering
Zhao, W., Jin, X., Cong, Y., Liu, Y., & Fu, J. (2012) · Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/jctb.3970 · Cited by 422
Niosomes as Nanoparticular Drug Carriers: Fundamentals and Recent Applications
Seleci, D. A., Şeleci, M., Walter, J., Stahl, F., & Scheper, T. H. (2016) · Journal of Nanomaterials · doi:10.1155/2016/7372306 · Cited by 409
Biomaterial technology for tissue engineering applications
Tabata, Y. (2009) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2008.0448.focus · Cited by 386
Stimuli‐Responsive Materials for Controlled Release of Theranostic Agents
Wang, Y., Shim, M. S., Levinson, N. S., Sung, H., & Younan Xia, A. (2014) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201400279 · Cited by 382
Wilson, B., Samanta, M. K., Santhi, K., Kumar, K. P. S., Paramakrishnan, N., & Suresh, B. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.039 · Cited by 363
New developments in ordered mesoporous materials for drug delivery
Manzano, M., & Vallet-Regí, M. (2010) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b922651f · Cited by 359
Developments in liposomal drug delivery systems
Maurer, N., Fenske, D. B., & Cullis, P. R. (2001) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.1.6.923 · Cited by 344
Cano, A., Ettcheto, M., Chang, J.-H., Barroso, E., Espina, M., Kühne, B. A., Barenys, M., Auladell, C., Folch, J., Souto, E. B., et al. (2019) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.010 · Cited by 337
Schneider, C. S., Xu, Q., Boylan, N. J., Chisholm, J., Tang, B. C., Schuster, B. S., Henning, A., Ensign, L. M., Lee, E. N., Adstamongkonkul, P., et al. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601556 · Cited by 321
Nanostructured polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Smith, I. O., Liu, X., Callahan, L. A. S., & Ma, P. X. (2009) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.26 · Cited by 320
Pandey, R., & Khuller, G. K. (2005) · Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.tube.2004.11.003 · Cited by 318
Perez, C., Sanchez, A., Putnam, D., Ting, D., Langer, R., & Alonso, M. J. (2001) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00397-2 · Cited by 313
Biocompatibility and drug delivery systems
Kohane, D. S., & Langer, R. (2010) · Chem. Sci. · doi:10.1039/c0sc00203h · Cited by 307
Nanoparticle formulations in pulmonary drug delivery
Bailey, M. M., & Berkland, C. J. (2009) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.20140 · Cited by 302
Jin, Y., Song, Y., Zhu, X., Zhou, D., Chen, C., Zhang, Z., & Huang, Y. (2012) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.075 · Cited by 301
Advancing host-directed therapy for tuberculosis
Wallis, R. S., & Hafner, R. (2015) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3813 · Cited by 291
A 2020 vision for vaccines against HIV, tuberculosis and malaria
Rappuoli, R., & Aderem, A. A. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10124 · Cited by 275
Synthetic nano-fibrillar extracellular matrices with predesigned macroporous architectures
Zhang, R., & Ma, P. X. (2000) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/1097-4636(200011)52:2 · Cited by 265
Clemens, D. L., Lee, B.-Y., Xue, M., Thomas, C. R., Meng, H., Ferris, D., Nel, A. E., Zink, J. I., & Horwitz, M. A. (2012) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.06049-11 · Cited by 260
Effective oral delivery of insulin in animal models using vitamin B12-coated dextran nanoparticles
Chalasani, K. B., Russell-Jones, G. J., Jain, A. K., Diwan, P. V., & Jain, S. K. (2007) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.05.019 · Cited by 257
Nanotechnology and pulmonary delivery to overcome resistance in infectious diseases
Andrade, F., Rafael, D., Videira, M., Ferreira, D., Sosnik, A., & Sarmento, B. (2013) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.020 · Cited by 245
Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage
Hutmacher, D. W. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008045154-1.50021-6 · Cited by 245
Characterization and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles for dopamine brain delivery
Trapani, A., De Giglio, E., Cafagna, D., Denora, N., Agrimi, G., Cassano, T., Gaetani, S., Cuomo, V., & Trapani, G. (2011) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.036 · Cited by 238
Joshi, S. A., Chavhan, S. S., & Sawant, K. K. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.07.007 · Cited by 235
Yiyun, C., Na, M., Tongwen, X., Rongqiang, F., Xueyuan, W., Xiaomin, W., & Longping, W. (2007) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.20745 · Cited by 225
Brain targeting of nerve growth factor using poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles
Kurakhmaeva, K. B., Djindjikhashvili, I. A., Petrov, V. E., Balabanyan, V. U., Voronina, T. A., Trofimov, S. S., Kreuter, J., Gelperina, S., Begley, D., & Alyautdin, R. N. (2009) · Journal of Drug Targeting · doi:10.1080/10611860903112842 · Cited by 221
Recent progress in the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles
Rao, C. N. R., Matte, H. S. S. R., Voggu, R., & Govindaraj, A. (2012) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/c2dt12266a · Cited by 213
Lymphatic Uptake of Pulmonary Delivered Radiolabelled Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Videira, M. A., Botelho, M. F., Santos, A. C., Gouveia, L. F., Pedroso de Lima, J. J., & Almeida, A. J. (2002) · Journal of Drug Targeting · doi:10.1080/1061186021000054933 · Cited by 213
Mastorakos, P., da Silva, A. L., Chisholm, J., Song, E., Choi, W. K., Boyle, M. P., Morales, M. M., Hanes, J., & Suk, J. S. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1502281112 · Cited by 210
Wang, W., Zhu, Xie, Li, Xiao, Li, Liu, Wang, S., & Cui, D. (2012) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s30428 · Cited by 209
Wan, X., Beaudoin, J. J., Vinod, N., Min, Y., Makita, N., Bludau, H., Jordan, R., Wang, A., Sokolsky, M., & Kabanov, A. V. (2019) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.032 · Cited by 201 · cited 1×
“Combinatorial therapy of paclitaxel (PTX) and alkylated cisplatin prodrug loaded in amphiphilic block copolymer poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline-block-2-butyl-2-oxazolineblock-2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (P(MeOx-b-BuOx-b-MeOx) in ovarian and breast cancer showed sustained drug release and resulted in improved pharmacokinetics and…”
BackgroundCoradini, K., Lima, F. O., Oliveira, C. M., Chaves, P. S., Athayde, M. L., Carvalho, L. M., & Beck, R. C. R. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.04.009 · Cited by 200
Controlled pulmonary drug and gene delivery using polymeric nano-carriers
Beck-Broichsitter, M., Merkel, O. M., & Kissel, T. (2012) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.004 · Cited by 200
Overcoming poor oral bioavailability using nanoparticle formulations – opportunities and limitations
Desai, P. P., Date, A. A., & Patravale, V. B. (2012) · Drug Discovery Today: Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2011.12.001 · Cited by 199
Current Concepts in the Management of Tuberculosis
Sia, I. G., & Wieland, M. L. (2011) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0820 · Cited by 193
Shi, C., Guo, X., Qu, Q., Tang, Z., Wang, Y., & Zhou, S. (2014) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.036 · Cited by 189
Pulmonary drug delivery systems for tuberculosis treatment
Pham, D.-D., Fattal, E., & Tsapis, N. (2015) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.009 · Cited by 185
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for Bromocriptine
Esposito, E., Fantin, M., Marti, M., Drechsler, M., Paccamiccio, L., Mariani, P., Sivieri, E., Lain, F., Menegatti, E., Morari, M., et al. (2008) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-007-9514-y · Cited by 183
Teramura, Y., & Iwata, H. (2010) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2010.01.005 · Cited by 181
Katsuki, S., Matoba, T., Nakashiro, S., Sato, K., Koga, J.-I., Nakano, K., Nakano, Y., Egusa, S., Sunagawa, K., & Egashira, K. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.002870 · Cited by 179
Light-Harvesting Ionic Dendrimer Porphyrins as New Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Nishiyama, N., Stapert, H. R., Zhang, G., Takasu, D., Jiang, D., Nagano, T., Aida, T., & Kataoka, K. (2002) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc025597h · Cited by 178
The mechanisms and consequences of the extra-pulmonary dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Krishnan, N., Robertson, B. D., & Thwaites, G. (2010) · Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.tube.2010.08.005 · Cited by 178
Biomimetic Polymer/Apatite Composite Scaffolds for Mineralized Tissue Engineering
Zhang, R., & Ma, P. X. (2004) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.200300017 · Cited by 178
Meng, F., Asghar, S., Gao, S., Su, Z., Song, J., Huo, M., Meng, W., Ping, Q., & Xiao, Y. (2015) · Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.025 · Cited by 176
Severe asthma: Advances in current management and future therapy
Barnes, P. J. (2012) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.006 · Cited by 174
Agrawal, A. K., Harde, H., Thanki, K., & Jain, S. (2013) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm401580k · Cited by 171
Cooper, V., Metcalf, L., Versnel, J., Upton, J., Walker, S., & Horne, R. (2015) · npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1038/npjpcrm.2015.26 · Cited by 169
MicroRNA-124 loaded nanoparticles enhance brain repair in Parkinson's disease
Saraiva, C., Paiva, J., Santos, T., Ferreira, L., & Bernardino, L. (2016) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.005 · Cited by 169
Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Desai, A. K., & Grossberg, G. T. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.64.12_suppl_3.s34 · Cited by 169
Morishige, K., Kacher, D. F., Libby, P., Josephson, L., Ganz, P., Weissleder, R., & Aikawa, M. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.891804 · Cited by 168
Frozza, R. L., Bernardi, A., Hoppe, J. B., Meneghetti, A. B., Matté, A., Battastini, A. M. O., Pohlmann, A. R., Guterres, S. S., & Salbego, C. (2013) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-013-8401-2 · Cited by 165
Jain, D., & Banerjee, R. (2008) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.30994 · Cited by 158
Senapati, S., Thakur, R., Verma, S. P., Duggal, S., Mishra, D. P., Das, P., Shripathi, T., Kumar, M., Rana, D., & Maiti, P. (2016) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.016 · Cited by 155
Self-citationEffective GDNF brain delivery using microspheres—A promising strategy for Parkinson's disease
Garbayo, E., Montero-Menei, C. N., Ansorena, E., Lanciego, J. L., Aymerich, M. S., & Blanco-Prieto, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.12.010 · Cited by 150
Therapeutic Liposomal Dry Powder Inhalation Aerosols for Targeted Lung Delivery
Willis, L., Hayes, D., & Mansour, H. M. (2012) · Lung · doi:10.1007/s00408-011-9360-x · Cited by 148
Ruttala, H. B., & Ko, Y. T. (2015) · Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.040 · Cited by 141
Pardeshi, C. V., Rajput, P. V., Belgamwar, V. S., Tekade, A. R., & Surana, S. J. (2013) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.3109/10717544.2012.752421 · Cited by 141
pH-sensitive polymers for drug delivery
Huh, K. M., Kang, H. C., Lee, Y. J., & Bae, Y. H. (2012) · Macromolecular Research · doi:10.1007/s13233-012-0059-5 · Cited by 140
Md, S., Ali, M., Baboota, S., Sahni, J. K., Bhatnagar, A., & Ali, J. (2014) · Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · doi:10.3109/03639045.2012.758130 · Cited by 138
Mannan-Modified Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeted Gene Delivery to Alveolar Macrophages
Yu, W., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Zhang, N., & Xu, W. (2010) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0149-z · Cited by 137
Tsai, M.-J., Huang, Y.-B., Wu, P.-C., Fu, Y.-S., Kao, Y.-R., Fang, J.-Y., & Tsai, Y.-H. (2011) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.22285 · Cited by 137
Mannosylated nanoparticulate carriers of rifabutin for alveolar targeting
Nimje, N., Agarwal, A., Saraogi, G. K., Lariya, N., Rai, G., Agrawal, H., & Agrawal, G. P. (2009) · Journal of Drug Targeting · doi:10.3109/10611860903115308 · Cited by 137
Misra, S., Chopra, K., Sinha, V. R., & Medhi, B. (2016) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.3109/10717544.2015.1089956 · Cited by 136
Chitosan IFN-γ-pDNA Nanoparticle (CIN) Therapy for Allergic Asthma
Kumar, M., Kong, X., Behera, A. K., Hellermann, G. R., Lockey, R. F., & Mohapatra, S. S. (2003) · Genetic Vaccines and Therapy · doi:10.1186/1479-0556-1-3 · Cited by 131
Takahama, H., Minamino, T., Asanuma, H., Fujita, M., Asai, T., Wakeno, M., Sasaki, H., Kikuchi, H., Hashimoto, K., Oku, N., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.014 · Cited by 129
Deol, P., Khuller, G. K., & Joshi, K. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.6.1211 · Cited by 128
Watanabe, M., Kawano, K., Yokoyama, M., Opanasopit, P., Okano, T., & Maitani, Y. (2006) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.030 · Cited by 128
Chen, Y.-Y., Wu, H.-C., Sun, J.-S., Dong, G.-C., & Wang, T.-W. (2013) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la400268p · Cited by 126
Memantine: targeting glutamate excitotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Molinuevo, J. L., Lladó, A., & Rami, L. (2005) · American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/153331750502000206 · Cited by 125
Superabsorbent Polymers and Superabsorbent Polymer Composites
Kiatkamjornwong, S. (2007) · ScienceAsia · doi:10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2007.33(s1).039 · Cited by 124
Hasan, A. A., Madkor, H., & Wageh, S. (2013) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.3109/10717544.2013.779332 · Cited by 122
Biomaterial‐Based Implantable Devices for Cancer Therapy
Chew, S. A., & Danti, S. (2017) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201600766 · Cited by 121
Radiation Induced Superabsorbent Hydrogels. Acrylamide/Itaconic Acid Copolymers
Karadağ, E., Saraydın, D., & Güven, O. (2001) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/1439-2054(20010101)286:1 · Cited by 120
Bivas‐Benita, M., Lin, M. Y., Bal, S. M., van Meijgaarden, K. E., Franken, K. L. M. C., Friggen, A. H., Junginger, H. E., Borchard, G., Klein, M. R., & Ottenhoff, T. H. M. (2009) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.033 · Cited by 118
Gill, S., Löbenberg, R., Ku, T., Azarmi, S., Roa, W., & Prenner, E. J. (2007) · Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jbn.2007.015 · Cited by 118 · cited 1×
“The use of neutral NPs as drug delivery vehicles is the most common approach in anti-TB therapy.(206) Ciprofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes has been employed in anti-TB therapy, offering pulmonary delivery through nebulization.”
MethodNagpal, K., Singh, S. K., & Mishra, D. N. (2013) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.024 · Cited by 116
Supramolecular Hybrid Hydrogel Based on Host–Guest Interaction and Its Application in Drug Delivery
Yu, J., Ha, W., Sun, J.-N., & Shi, Y.-P. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am505649q · Cited by 113
Sugar-based amphiphilic nanoparticles arrest atherosclerosis in vivo
Lewis, D. R., Petersen, L. K., York, A. W., Zablocki, K. R., Joseph, L. B., Kholodovych, V., Prud’homme, R. K., Uhrich, K. E., & Moghe, P. V. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1424594112 · Cited by 111
Competent processing techniques for scaffolds in tissue engineering
Dutta, R. C., Dey, M., Dutta, A. K., & Basu, B. (2017) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.01.001 · Cited by 111
Polyurethane-Grafted Chitosan as New Biomaterials for Controlled Drug Delivery
Mahanta, A. K., Mittal, V., Singh, N., Dash, D., Malik, S., Kumar, M., & Maiti, P. (2015) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00030 · Cited by 110
Self-citationElectrospun composite nanofiber-based transmucosal patch for anti-diabetic drug delivery
Sharma, A., Gupta, A., Rath, G., Goyal, A., Mathur, R. B., & Dhakate, S. R. (2013) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c3tb20487a · Cited by 108
RNAi-based therapeutic strategies for metabolic disease
Czech, M., Aouadi, M., & Tesz, G. J. (2011) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.57 · Cited by 108
Enhanced rifampicin delivery to alveolar macrophages by solid lipid nanoparticles
Chuan, J., Li, Y., Yang, L., Sun, X., Zhang, Q., Gong, T., & Zhang, Z. (2013) · Journal of Nanoparticle Research · doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1634-1 · Cited by 107
Efficient skin permeation of soluble proteins via flexible and functional nano-carrier
Choi, W. I., Lee, J., Kim, J., Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Tae, G. (2011) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.013 · Cited by 107
Montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: Part I Oral bioavailability improvement
Patil-Gadhe, A., & Pokharkar, V. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.019 · Cited by 107
Ogawara, K.-I., Un, K., Tanaka, K.-I., Higaki, K., & Kimura, T. (2009) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.09.008 · Cited by 101
Advances in the synthesis and application of nanoparticles for drug delivery
Park, W., & Na, K. (2015) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1325 · Cited by 100
Azeem, A., Talegaonkar, S., Negi, L. M., Ahmad, F. J., Khar, R. K., & Iqbal, Z. (2012) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.039 · Cited by 99
Ahmad, S., & Mokaddas, E. M. (2013) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2013.09.001 · Cited by 98
Patil, J., Devi, V., Devi, K., & Sarasija, S. (2015) · Lung India · doi:10.4103/0970-2113.159559 · Cited by 98
Liposomes prolong the therapeutic effect of anti-asthmatic medication via pulmonary delivery
Yang, Z., Chen, X., Huang, W., Wong, B. C. K., Yin, L., Wong, I. Y. F., & Xu (2012) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s28011 · Cited by 97
Ko, K. S., Lee, M., Koh, J. J., & Kim, S. W. (2001) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1006/mthe.2001.0459 · Cited by 97
The synthesis of functional mesoporous materials
Fryxell, G. E. (2006) · Inorganic Chemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2006.06.012 · Cited by 97
Geiser, M., Quaile, O., Wenk, A., Wigge, C., Eigeldinger-Berthou, S., Hirn, S., Schäffler, M., Schleh, C., Möller, W., Mall, M. A., et al. (2013) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-10-19 · Cited by 97
A7RC peptide modified paclitaxel liposomes dually target breast cancer
Cao, J., Wang, R., Gao, N., Li, M., Tian, X., Yang, W., Ruan, Y., Zhou, C., Wang, G., Liu, X., et al. (2015) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c5bm00161g · Cited by 93
Hypoglycemic efficacy of chitosan-coated insulin liposomes after oral administration in mice.
Zheng-hongWU, Qi-nengPING, YiWEI, & Jia-mingLAI (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 92
First case of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis treated with both delamanid and bedaquiline
Tadolini, M., Lingtsang, R. D., Tiberi, S., Enwerem, M., D'Ambrosio, L., Sadutshang, T. D., Centis, R., & Migliori, G. B. (2016) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00637-2016 · Cited by 92
Nanocarriers as treatment modalities for hypertension
Alam, T., Khan, S., Gaba, B., Haider, M. F., Baboota, S., & Ali, J. (2017) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717544.2016.1255999 · Cited by 92
Yu, C., Fan, J. Q., Tian, B., Stucky, G. D., & Zhao, D. (2003) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp027046u · Cited by 89
Nanomedicine applied to cardiovascular diseases: latest developments
Giménez, V. M. M., Kassuha, D., & Manucha, W. A. (2017) · Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease · doi:10.1177/1753944717692293 · Cited by 89
Zhong, Q., Bielski, E. R., Rodrigues, L. S., Brown, M. R., Reineke, J. J., & da Rocha, S. R. P. (2016) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00126 · Cited by 88
pH-Sensitive Polymers for Drug Delivery
(2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780849348129-6 · Cited by 86
A review of the epidemiology of diabetes in rural India
Misra, P., Upadhyay, R. P., Misra, A., & Krishnan, A. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.02.032 · Cited by 85
Neutrophil targeted nano-drug delivery system for chronic obstructive lung diseases
Vij, N., Min, T., Bodas, M., Gorde, A., & Roy, I. (2016) · Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2016.06.008 · Cited by 85
Patil-Gadhe, A., Kyadarkunte, A., Patole, M., & Pokharkar, V. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.07.007 · Cited by 84
Drug development in Parkinson's disease: From emerging molecules to innovative drug delivery systems
Garbayo, E., Ansorena, E., & Blanco‐Prieto, M. J. (2013) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.019 · Cited by 83
Al Faraj, A., Sultana Shaik, A., Afzal, S., Al Sayed, B., & Halwani, R. (2014) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s59394 · Cited by 83
Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery System for Cardiovascular Disease
Matoba, T., & Egashira, K. (2014) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.14-150 · Cited by 83
Mahanta, A. K., Senapati, S., Paliwal, P., Krishnamurthy, S., Hemalatha, S., & Maiti, P. (2019) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00995 · Cited by 81 · cited 1×
“The scaffold has been found to be safe and very effective in bone regeneration compared to pure chitosan.(252) Microgels loaded with DOX showed anticancer activity against HeLa cells, and supramolecular hydrogels of α CD- and polyethylene-modified gold nanocrystals exhibited sustained drug release via host-guest inter…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPillay, S., Pillay, V., Choonara, Y. E., Naidoo, D., Khan, R. A., du Toit, L. C., Ndesendo, V. M. K., Modi, G., Danckwerts, M. P., & Iyuke, S. E. (2009) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.021 · Cited by 80
Mishra, A., Singh, S. K., Dash, D., Aswal, V. K., Maiti, B., Misra, M., & Maiti, P. (2014) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.035 · Cited by 79
Self-citationKumari, P., Muddineti, O. S., Rompicharla, S. V. K., Ghanta, P., B B N, A. K., Ghosh, B., & Biswas, S. (2017) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717544.2016.1245365 · Cited by 79
Shah, U., Joshi, G., & Sawant, K. (2014) · Materials Science and Engineering: C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2013.10.038 · Cited by 76
Shih, H., & Lin, C. (2015) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00471 · Cited by 76
(1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/32020 · Cited by 76
Solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with lipoyl–memantine codrug: Preparation and characterization
Laserra, S., Basit, A., Sozio, P., Marinelli, L., Fornasari, E., Cacciatore, I., Ciulla, M., Türkez, H., Geyikoglu, F., & Di Stefano, A. (2015) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.001 · Cited by 72
Biological Evaluation of Polymeric Micelles with Covalently Bound Doxorubicin
Větvička, D., Hrubý, M., Hovorka, O., Etrych, T., Vetrík, M., Kovář, L., Kovář, M., Ulbrich, K., & Řı́hová, B. (2009) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc900212k · Cited by 69
Functionalized Graphene Tagged Polyurethanes for Corrosion Inhibitor and Sustained Drug Delivery
Patel, D. K., Senapati, S., Mourya, P., Singh, M. M., Aswal, V. K., Ray, B., & Maiti, P. (2017) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00342 · Cited by 69
Self-citationCNT Induced β-Phase in Polylactide: Unique Crystallization, Biodegradation, and Biocompatibility
Singh, N. K., Singh, S. K., Dash, D., Gonugunta, P., Misra, M., & Maiti, P. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp4009042 · Cited by 68
Self-citationNiosomes with Sorbitan Monoester as a Carrier for Vaginal Delivery of Insulin: Studies in Rats
Ning, M., Guo, Y., Pan, H., Yu, H., & Gu, Z.-W. (2005) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717540590968891 · Cited by 66
Kolte, A., Patil, S., Lesimple, P., Hanrahan, J. W., & Misra, A. R. (2017) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.094 · Cited by 64
LIPOSOMAL DAUNORUBICIN OVERCOMES DRUG RESISTANCE IN HUMAN BREAST, OVARIAN AND LUNG CARCINOMA CELLS
Sadava, D., Coleman, A., & Kane, S. E. (2002) · Journal of Liposome Research · doi:10.1081/lpr-120016196 · Cited by 63
Muralidharan, P., Hayes, D., Black, S. M., & Mansour, H. M. (2016) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/c5me00004a · Cited by 62
Senapati, S., Shukla, R., Tripathi, Y. B., Mahanta, A. K., Rana, D., & Maiti, P. (2018) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01119 · Cited by 62
Self-citationda Silva, A. L., Martini, S. V., Abreu, S. C., Samary, C. D. S., Diaz, B. L., Fernezlian, S., de Sá, V. K., Capelozzi, V. L., Boylan, N. J., Goya, R. G., et al. (2014) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.010 · Cited by 61
Engineering DNA scaffolds for delivery of anticancer therapeutics
Sun, W., & Gu, Z. (2015) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c4bm00459k · Cited by 61
Kim, Y. I., Fluckiger, L., Hoffman, M., Lartaud‐Idjouadiene, I., Atkinson, J., & Maincent, T. (1997) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0700910 · Cited by 61
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Maiti, P., Senapati, S. & Saraf, S. Inhibition of Chronic Osteomyelitis using Sustained Release of Drug from Biodegradable Polymeric Chip. Clin. Oncol. 3, 1406 (2018).
- Nepolean, R., Narayanan, N., Subramaniyan, N., Venkateswaran, K. & Vinoth, J. Colon targeted methacrylic acid copolymeric nanoparticles for improved oral bioavailability of nisoldipine. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Res. 3, 962–967 (2012).
- Sia, I. G. & Wieland, M. L. in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 348–361 (Elsevier).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions
Adepu, S., & Ramakrishna, S. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26195905 · Cited by 1,691
Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy
Sun, L., Liu, H., Ye, Y., Lei, Y., Islam, R., Tan, S., Tong, R., Miao, Y.-B., & Cai, L. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01642-x · Cited by 1,073
Advances in healthcare wearable devices
Iqbal, S. M. A., Mahgoub, I., Du, E., Leavitt, M. A., & Asghar, W. (2021) · npj Flexible Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41528-021-00107-x · Cited by 714
Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases
Li, X., Peng, X., Zoulikha, M., Boafo, G. F., Magar, K. T., Ju, Y., & He, W. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01668-1 · Cited by 573
Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Xu, B., Li, S., Shi, R., & Liu, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01654-7 · Cited by 500
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, A. P., Biswas, A., Shukla, A., & Maiti, P.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology BHU (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Maiti, Pralay
- Venue
- Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
- Published
- 2019-08-30
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-33
- ISSN
- 2059-3635 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6799838
- OpenAlex
- W2970857608
- Semantic Scholar
- aefca7d18121ad24e99711b4c465dc6fbf0de8cc
- Cited by
- 645
- References
- 264
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Science and Engineering Research Board (PDF/2016/004063)
- Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Pharmacology and Nanomedicine Research
- Keywords
- nanomedicine, targeted drug delivery, drug carriers, chronic disease, liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, micelles, dendrimers, mesoporous particles, diabetes mellitus, cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, gene therapy, nucleic acid delivery, peptide delivery, biocompatible nanomaterials
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
