The DOI matches its Crossref record; 447 of the 447 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 16 of the 526 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties
Open accessAbstract
Rats and mice have been demonstrated to show episodic-like memory, a prototype of episodic memory, as defined by an integrated memory of the experience of an object or event, in a particular place and time. Such memory can be assessed via the use of spontaneous object exploration paradigms, variably designed to measure memory for object, place, temporal order and object-location inter-relationships. We review the methodological properties of these tests, the neurobiology about time and discuss the evidence for the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus, with respect to their anatomy, neurotransmitter systems and functional circuits. The systematic analysis suggests that a specific circuit between the mPFC, lateral EC and hippocampus encodes the information for event, place and time of occurrence into the complex episodic-like memory, as a top-down regulation from the mPFC onto the hippocampus. This circuit can be distinguished from the neuronal component memory systems for processing the individual information of object, time and place.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review synthesizes evidence that rodents show episodic-like memory—integrated memory for what, where, and when—measured by training-free spontaneous object exploration paradigms. It proposes that a specific mPFC–lateral entorhinal cortex–hippocampus circuit, especially direct mPFC–CA1/CA3 pathways, integrates object, place, and time information, distinct from the component memory systems.
Key findings
- Episodic-like memory tests combine novel object preference (what), object place preference (where), and temporal-order memory (when). In the ELM2–2 test, adult rats show exploration preferences RD > RS, OS > RS, and OS > OD; ELM2–2 memory is preserved for at least 1 hour, over 2 hours, but not after 4–6 hours, while ELM2–1 memory can last up to 24 hours.
- Disconnecting the mPFC–CA3 circuit impaired ELM2–2 episodic-like memory while leaving individual NOP, OPP, and TOM memories intact, indicating that episodic-like memory is a meta-system integrating what, where, and when rather than a simple sum of the components. Disconnecting mPFC–CA1 impaired integration and OPP but spared NOP and TOM; disconnecting mPFC–LEC also impaired ELM2–2.
- The proposed circuit includes direct and indirect mPFC–hippocampus pathways: posterior-dorsal CA1-to-PFC projections support the “when” component, intermediate CA1-to-PFC projections support the “where” component, and CA1/CA3 are cardinal for integration.
- Neurotransmitter systems in mPFC and hippocampus (glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, cannabinoids) differentially modulate NOP, OPP, TOM, and episodic-like memory; for example, mPFC AMPA/kainate but not NMDA receptors are involved in episodic-like memory.
Methods
- Design: narrative review of behavioral, anatomical, and neurochemical evidence on episodic-like memory in rodents, focusing on training-free spontaneous object exploration paradigms (NOP, OPP, TOM, SNOP, OiP, and ELM variants).
- Data/sample: published rodent studies, primarily articles published after 2007; the review excludes context-manipulated object exploration tests such as What-Where-Which and excludes systemic, intracerebroventricular, or global gene-manipulation studies.
- Analysis: qualitative synthesis comparing lesion, inactivation, disconnection, electrophysiological, pharmacological, imaging, and molecular findings, with summary tables and circuit diagrams.
Limitations
- Stated: NOP alone is not an appropriate measure of episodic-like memory; methodological factors such as habituation, object exploration duration, object properties, retention interval, circadian phase, and light intensity can confound object exploration tests.
- Stated: many lesion studies used retention intervals under 10 minutes, and the direction of information flow in disconnection studies is hard to ascertain because connections are ablated; precise circuit control such as optogenetics is needed.
- Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it does not describe a systematic search or meta-analysis, and its conclusions depend on heterogeneous paradigms, species/strains, and separate studies rather than uniform within-study comparisons.
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Claims the paper makes
376 Not checked yet · 104 Own interpretation · 7 Supported · 4 Supported so far · 3 No basis given · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“TOM was impaired in rodents with selective lesions of the mPFC (Barker et al., 2007; Barker and Warburton, 2011b; Cross et al., 2012; Mitchell and Laiacona, 1998) or lidocaine injection (Hannesson et al., 2004).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Barker et al., 2007 source
The Surgery section describes rats receiving bilateral mPFC lesions. In “Recognition during the test phase” (page not available), the mPFC lesion group performed significantly worse than sham rats and failed to discriminate between objects presented at different times. The lidocaine-injection clause is attributed to a different citation, not Barker et al. (2007). (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011b
- Supportedcites Cross et al., 2012 source
In Results > Behavior: Experiment 1 (page unavailable), rats with bilateral mPFC lesions failed to discriminate old from recent objects in the temporal-order/recency task, whereas sham controls did. The paper notes that the overall group effect was not statistically significant. The lidocaine-injection part of the citing sentence is attributed to Hannesson et al., not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
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In the paper
“When the PFC was damaged, however, the OPP memory was not influenced (Baran et al., 2010; Barker et al., 2007; Barker and Warburton, 2011b).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Baran et al., 2010 source
The Object location results report no significant difference between rats with prefrontal cortex lesions and sham-operated rats in either sex. The discussion likewise states that PFC lesions did not alter object-placement performance. The claim is supported as a statement about performance on this task, rather than proof that all aspects of memory were unaffected. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Supportedcites Barker et al., 2007 source
The Discussion states that rats with mPFC lesions performed normally on the object location task, supporting the claim if OPP refers to object-place preference memory. The finding is specific to the medial PFC and this task; the same passage reports impairment on the distinct object-in-place task. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011b
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Conversely, post-sample microinjections of the D1-R agonist SKF81297, the D2-R agonist quinpirole or the D3-R antagonist SB277,011 into the PFC facilitated NOP memory when tested after 24 hours (Papp et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Papp et al., 2017 source
The Methods (Stereotaxic surgery and intracranial injection procedure; page unavailable) state that bilateral infusions were made immediately after the exposure session. The Results (Experiment 3; page unavailable) report that SKF81297, quinpirole, and SB-277,011 increased novel object recognition after injection into the PFC; the Methods (Study design) specify testing 24 hours after exposure. The paper calls the task NOR rather than NOP. (LLM, conf=0.93)
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- Supported
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In the paper
“whereas the majority of the studies employing hippocampal lesions in rats failed to report an influence in the NOP test (Albasser et al., 2012; Albasser et al., 2010; Barker and Warburton, 2011b; Forwood et al., 2005; Gaskin et al., 2003; Good et al., 2007a; Langston and Wood, 2010; Mumby et al., 2005; Piterkin et al., 2008; Tam et al., 2014; Winters et al., 2004).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Albasser et al., 2012 source
The Abstract says many studies of spontaneous object recognition in rats reported no apparent effect of hippocampal lesions, while noting that some found deficits. The Discussion likewise says many experiments found no lesion deficit, and reports intact object recognition in this paper's own lesioned rats. These passages support the citing sentence's characterization of the literature, though the paper does not give a numerical tally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Supportedcites Albasser et al., 2010 source
In Experiment 2 (Hippocampal lesions, Behavior), this rat study found no behavioral difference between hippocampal-lesion and sham groups on its standard object-recognition test. The Discussion likewise says rats with hippocampal lesions showed normal performance. This paper supports the cited example of a null effect, though its test used a retention interval of less than one minute. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011b
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
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In the paper
“the extracellular glutamate content in the hippocampus was increased in the NOP test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Cohen et al., 2013 source
In Results, Experiment 9 (page unavailable), the paper reports significantly higher extracellular dorsal hippocampal glutamate efflux during the novel-object recognition test than during a second sample session. The paper calls the test NOR rather than NOP, but describes it as testing preference for a novel object. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Supportedcites Stanley et al., 2012 source
The Results section reports significantly increased hippocampal glutamate efflux following introduction of the novel object, greater than during familiar-object presentation. This supports the claim for the novel-object test used in the paper. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
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In the paper
“Increased zif-268 expression was found in the dorsal CA1 after exposure to the ELM2–2 paradigm in which rats showed intact where, but not when component”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Barbosa et al., 2013 source
The Results (Zif-268 expression; Behavioral tasks) report increased Zif-268-positive cells in CA1 in the ELM group and spatial discrimination without temporal discrimination. The Discussion specifies that this group had the greatest Zif-268 expression in dorsal CA1. The paper calls the paradigm the ELM task. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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In the paper
“hippocampal opto-stimulation of the DA axon terminals from the locus coeruleus during learning facilitated long-term OPP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Kempadoo et al., 2016 source
In the spatial object recognition section (Fig. 4; page not specified), mice received optical stimulation of locus coeruleus terminals in the dorsal hippocampus during training. Stimulated mice showed significantly better memory for the displaced object when tested one day later. The paper also reports that blocking hippocampal dopamine D1/D5 receptors prevented this enhancement. (LLM, conf=0.92)
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In the paper
“Microinjection of lidocaine into the NR decreased the coherence of 2–5 Hz, but not theta, between the PFC and hippocampus in rats”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Roy et al., 2017 source
The Results section (‘The effect of nRE inhibition on PFC-HC coupling’) reports that lidocaine microinfusion into the nRE significantly reduced PFC-HC coherence at 2–5 Hz, while having little effect on theta coherence (p = 0.19). The Methods (‘Pharmacological inactivation of the thalamic nucleus reuniens’) specifies that the experiment was performed in rats. (LLM, conf=0.95)
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In the paper
“The disruption of episodic-like memory could not have resulted from the impairment of object location memory since the PFC-CA1 disconnected animals showed intact spatial recognition in the ELM2–2 test (positive where index).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2017 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“When the PFC-CA1 circuit was interrupted, the ability to integrate distinct components into an episodic-like memory was impaired.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“As expected, memory tested by the ELM2–2 test was deficient, suggesting the PFC-LEC circuit is indispensable for episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2016a
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“Disconnection of the PFC-CA1 pathway, while preserving the indirect CA3-LEC-PFC circuit, impaired the interaction index.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“With the help of sleep for the facilitation of NOP consolidation, the memory can be preserved for up to 3 weeks (Sawangjit et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sawangjit et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“OPP memory can be preserved longer than 1 week with the help of sleep (Sawangjit et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Object place preference (OPP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sawangjit et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such memory can be assessed via the use of spontaneous object exploration paradigms, variably designed to measure memory for object, place, temporal order and object-location inter-relationships.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Abstract
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In the paper
“It is noted that the amount of object exploration in the learning trial is positively correlated with the degree of retention in regards to object exploration performance (at least within an amount of object exploration time).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the NOP test, per se, is not an appropriate measurement of “episodic-like memory”.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
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In the paper
“In the classic NOP test in which two identical objects were used, studies have shown that a minimum duration of object exploration (reach 10–20 seconds in rats and mice) is essential for testing NOP, both in the sample and test trials, in order to decrease large variation in the test trial (Akkerman et al., 2012a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Akkerman et al., 2012a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Rats and mice have been demonstrated to show episodic-like memory, a prototype of episodic memory, as defined by an integrated memory of the experience of an object or event, in a particular place and time.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Allen and Fortin, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Fortin et al., 2004 source
- Not checked yetcites Manns and Eichenbaum, 2006
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In the paper
“Once the minimum amount of exploration is reached, the level of exploration in the sample trial is not correlated with the performance in the test trial (Akkerman et al., 2012a; Gaskin et al., 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Akkerman et al., 2012a
- Not checked yetcites Gaskin et al., 2010 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This circuit can be distinguished from the neuronal component memory systems for processing the individual information of object, time and place.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This suggests that the recognition memory for identical objects is not as the same as the memory for distinct objects.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2016a
- Not checked yetcites Rodo et al., 2017 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The systematic analysis suggests that a specific circuit between the mPFC, lateral EC and hippocampus encodes the information for event, place and time of occurrence into the complex episodic-like memory, as a top-down regulation from the mPFC onto the hippocampus.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Time cells were also identified in the CA3 region (Salz et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Sense of time
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Salz et al., 2016 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which implies that animals can program intervals of seconds to minutes dependent on cognitive- and/or motivational-driven mechanisms.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Temporal-order preference
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Also, they explored the novel object more than the familiar ones, as an indication for object recognition (Hunsaker et al., 2007a; Lee et al., 2005; Vago and Kesner, 2008).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Spatial and non-spatial object preference (SNOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hunsaker et al., 2007a
- Not checked yetcites Lee et al., 2005 source
- Not checked yetcites Vago and Kesner, 2008
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“NOP performance is variably dependent upon the time interval between the learning and test trials (Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The difference between the duration of exploration of a novel versus familiar object can be taken as an indication for memory, by the argument that animals tend to explore novel objects more because they remember the familiar ones (Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the existence of “time cells” in the hippocampus provides the fundamental explanation of when in the neurobiology of memory (Eichenbaum, 2014, 2017a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Sense of time
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Eichenbaum, 2014 source
- Not checked yetcites Eichenbaum, 2017a
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the combination of different durations of object exploration and retention intervals can be used to create different strengths of memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A change in NOP resulting from a brain lesion, pharmacological challenge or genetic manipulation could, therefore, be a consequence of action on any of these potential variables that can influence object exploration.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: All behaviors are motivated and guided by positive and negative outcomes (reinforcers).
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the longer the retention interval, the more likely that retrieval/memory is disrupted.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There is evidence that animals are capable of prospective memory defined as an ability to inactivate an action for a current situation but re-activate it again at an appropriate future time point (Wilson and Crystal, 2012; Wilson et al., 2013a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Sense of time
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wilson and Crystal, 2012 source
- Not checked yetcites Wilson et al., 2013a
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The hippocampal neuronal firing patterns reflecting temporal context have also been shown to gradually change from seconds to minutes (Manns et al., 2007), hours to days (Mankin et al., 2012), and weeks (Rangel et al., 2014; Ziv et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Sense of time
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Studies have reported that rodents can retain object information for at least 24 hours after the exposure (Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Temporal-order preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“while 7–13 hour intervals were later found to be anticipated (Crystal, 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Temporal-order preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Crystal, 2015
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Their findings illustrated that rats are capable of recollecting episodic information according to the cue of a specific time point, which resembles human episodic memory (Zhou and Crystal, 2009).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Sense of time
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zhou and Crystal, 2009
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Rodents showed preference for exploring the displaced object more than the stationary ones, indicating intact spatial recognition.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Spatial and non-spatial object preference (SNOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hunsaker et al., 2007a
- Not checked yetcites Lee et al., 2005 source
- Not checked yetcites Vago and Kesner, 2008
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Their hippocampal firing pattern altered along the passage of time during the delays (Naya and Suzuki, 2011).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Sense of time
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Naya and Suzuki, 2011 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Thus, the CA1 neurons encode the temporal context information during the mnemonic learning of the odor presentations (Manns et al., 2007).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Sense of time
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Manns et al., 2007 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Electrophysiological recordings from epileptic patients during correct retrieval of episodic memory suggest the medial temporal lobe to act as a hub to interact with the lateral PFC and parietal cortex to form inter-regional connecting networks (Watrous et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Watrous et al., 2013 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Pharmacological inhibition of the mPFC with muscimol, a GABAA-R agonist, also had no effect in the NOP test when infused before the sample trial (Neugebauer et al., 2018; Pezze et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies show strong links between the PFC and medial temporal lobe during episodic encoding (Schott et al., 2011; Schott et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“When distinct objects were used as samples, object memory consolidation was deficient in animals with inactivated mPFC (Akirav and Maroun, 2006).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Akirav and Maroun, 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and provides a strong argument that the what, where and when information was not inter-communicating independently in this test.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Third, the exploration pattern OD > OS is found, unlike that of the ELM2–2 test.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Davis et al., 2013a
- Not checked yetcites Good et al., 2007a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This counterintuitive result (OS > OD) indicates that the exploration pattern of objects according to their location is influenced by the temporal-order in which they have been experienced in the past (Chao et al., 2016a; Chao et al., 2017; de Souza Silva et al., 2016; Drieskens et al., 2017)”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
What the sources say
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In this test there is an exploration preference for the novel location over the old location of older-familiar objects (Dere et al., 2005a, b).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dere et al., 2005a
- Not checked yetcites Dere et al., 2005b
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The replicability of the ELM2–2 and ELM2–1 tests is verified by independent laboratories (Barbosa et al., 2013; Castilla-Ortega et al., 2012; Castilla-Ortega et al., 2014; Drieskens et al., 2017; Fernandez and Garner, 2008; Inostroza et al., 2013a; Inostroza et al., 2013b; Lanté et al., 2015; Li and Chao, 2008; Lopez-Pigozzi et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Rodents explored the two displaced objects more than the two that were stationary. This preference evidences that the animals have memory for the previous places of the objects, i.e., established an association between specific objects and specific locations (for review see (Warburton et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Object-in-place preference (OiP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Warburton et al., 2013 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Based on studies of patients with injury to the medial temporal lobe, it is well-accepted that the hippocampus is crucial to the establishment of episodic memory (Burgess et al., 2002; Eichenbaum, 2013; Squire and Zola-Morgan, 1991; Tulving and Markowitsch, 1998).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Pre- (Nagai et al., 2007) or post-sample (Tanimizu et al., 2018) infusions of anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, into the mPFC disrupted long-term NOP memory in mice.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other studies have shown rats to retain “what-where-when” memory for up to 24 hours in the ELM2–1 test (Barbosa et al., 2010; Barbosa et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The original study using the ELM2–2 paradigm reported that the episodic-like memory was preserved for at least 1 hour (Kart-Teke et al., 2006).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kart-Teke et al., 2006 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, lesions in the mPFC did not affect NOP performance (Ennaceur et al., 1997; Mitchell and Laiacona, 1998), consistent with subsequent studies in rats and mice (Baran et al., 2010; Barker et al., 2007; Barker and Warburton, 2011b; Cross et al., 2012; McAllister et al., 2015; Spanswick and Dyck, 2012).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ennaceur et al., 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites Mitchell and Laiacona, 1998
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Consistently, lesion of the mPFC disrupted memory in the OiP test in rats (Barker et al., 2007; Barker and Warburton, 2011b; Cross et al., 2012).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Alternatively, intra-PLC/ILC infusion of 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), an NMDA-R antagonist, impaired TOM performance when applied before the second sample trial, but not before the test trial (Barker and Warburton, 2011a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Microinjections of SCH23390 into the PFC, but not into the hippocampus, also blocked the facilitating effects of systemic reboxetine, a norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor, on the performance of long-term NOP (De Bundel et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Bundel et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Intra-infusions of MPEP, a mGlu5-R antagonist, into the rat PLC disrupted spatial memory tested by a cross-maze and NOP memory test (Christoffersen et al., 2008).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Christoffersen et al., 2008 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In the OiP test, pre-sample microinjections of CNQX or AP5 into the mPFC interfered short-term (5 minutes) memory in rats.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Mice with lesion of the mPFC showed the impaired where, but not what or when, component assessed in the ELM2–1 test (DeVito and Eichenbaum, 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DeVito and Eichenbaum, 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample infusions of SKF81297 into the PFC impaired short-term (1 hour) NOP (Pezze et al., 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pezze et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Rats with mPFC damage exhibited defective “what-where-when” memory when tested by the contextual conditioning (Li et al., 2011).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Li et al., 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, this is contradicted by a similar study which reported impaired NOP memory after such a lesion (Kadowaki Horita et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kadowaki Horita et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“When CNQX was infused into the PLC/ILC, either before the second sample trial or before the test trial of the TOM test, disrupted memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Pre-sample prefrontal microinjections of SCH23390 did not impair the NOP memory tested 1 hour later (Savalli et al., 2015), although contrary results have also been reported (Clausen et al., 2011).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“In the OiP test, pre-sample infusions of SCH23390 or SKF83566, a DA D1-R antagonist, into the rat mPFC led to an impairment, tested 5 and 1 hour later.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Savalli et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The processing of OiP memory requires the participation of the mPFC, as evidenced by studies of lesions or blocking of glutamate-, acetylcholine (ACh)- or dopamine (DA)-R (Barker et al., 2007; Barker and Warburton, 2008, 2009, 2015; Savalli et al., 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Interestingly, the rat with the unilateral DA deficiency also showed deficits in the TOM test, suggestive of a relationship between “time”, DA systems and PFC/hippocampus functions (Chao et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2013 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, TOM deficits were not found in an animal model of ischemic lesion in the mPFC (Deziel et al., 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Deziel et al., 2015 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In addition, DA levels were found to be elevated in the mPFC during the test trial of NOP memory in rats (McLean et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McLean et al., 2017 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the medial prefrontal cortical DNA methylation, glutamate, ACh and DA systems mediate the recognition of specific object-place relationships.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Pre-test infusions of SCH23390 into the PFC had no effect in the OiP (1 hour) memory (Savalli et al., 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Savalli et al., 2015 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The D1/5-R of the mPFC could bidirectionally regulate the encoding and/or consolidation of NOP memory, probably compatible with their inverted U-shape functions in the processing of working memory (Cools and D’Esposito, 2011).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cools and D’Esposito, 2011
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Infusion of 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline (CNQX), an AMPA/kainate-R antagonist, into the PLC/ILC region (the dorsal mPFC) had no effect when given before the learning trial of NOP (Barker and Warburton, 2011a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The same disconnected lesions did not influence spatial working memory tested by a T-maze non-matching to place task (Chao et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2013 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prefrontal 5HT1A-R and 2A-R, but not 2C-R, are also important in the retrieval of short-term OIC memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Infusion of the muscarinic ACh-R antagonist scopolamine into the PLC/ILC before the second sample trial, but not before the test trial, of the TOM test disrupted memory (Barker and Warburton, 2011a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Conversely, microinjections of the α4β2 nicotinic ACh-R antagonist, dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide, into the PFC led to deficient OiP memory when given pre-test, but not pre-sample.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the mPFC may mediate memory consolidation, regardless of types of object exploration tests.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample infusions of the D3-R antagonist S33084 into the rat PFC dose-dependently improved NOP (4 hours interval), supported by the findings when injected systemically (Watson et al., 2012).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Watson et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Post-sample intra-EC infusions of the protein synthesis inhibitors, anisomycin, emetine or cycloheximide, disrupted long-term (24 hours), but not short-term (3 hours), NOP memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lima et al., 2009 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“When OiP memory was tested 24 hours later, pre-sample, but not pre-test, PFC infusions of the α7 nicotinic ACh-R antagonist, methyllycaconitine citrate, or the α-nicotinic ACh-R blocker, α-bungarotoxin, impaired memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that the EC is important for maintaining spatial information across time in memory storage.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This disruption was time-dependent as the effect was found when infusions were made immediately, but not 3 or 6 hours, after the sample (Lima et al., 2009).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lima et al., 2009 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Similarly, pre-sample, but not pre-test, microinjections of scopolamine into the mPFC caused deficient OiP memory tested 5 minutes and 1 hour later (Barker and Warburton, 2009).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In addition, impaired spatial recognition, but not object recognition, was found, irrespective of the delays (Van Cauter et al., 2008a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Cauter et al., 2008a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collectively, DA plays a significant role in the regulation of the prefrontal cortical functions in the encoding and consolidation of NOP and OiP processing, irrespective of short- or long-term memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that the muscarinic and nicotinic ACh-R in the mPFC have different roles in processing the information of time and associative object-location.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-test prefrontal infusions of MDL 11,939 or 8-OH DPAT, a 5HT1A-R agonist, but not of SB 242084, a 5HT2C-R antagonist, also impaired OIC memory tested 3 hours later (Bekinschtein et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bekinschtein et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample microinjections of the DA D2-R antagonist L-741.626 into the PFC dose-dependently disrupted short-term NOP (2 min interval), which is consistent with its effects with acute systemic administration (Watson et al., 2012).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Watson et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, a study shows that post-sample PFC infusions of quinpirole did not affect NOP performance (Rossato et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rossato et al., 2013 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results suggest that the prefrontal cortical DA D1-, D2- and D3-R critically modulate the NOP consolidation.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Furthermore, pharmacological studies have found that NOP memory tested even minutes later was impaired by pre-sample infusions of substances into the PFC (Christoffersen et al., 2008; Pezze et al., 2015; Watson et al., 2012).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the EC participates in long-term memory consolidation of object memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The EC lesioned animals also exhibited deficits in habituation to the environment when the time delay was 10, but not 4 min.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Parron and Save, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Microinjections of the D1-R antagonist SCH23390, the D2-R antagonist L-741.626 or the D3-R agonist 7-OH-DPAT into the PFC after the sample trial dose-dependently impaired NOP memory when tested 1 hour later (Papp et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Papp et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The EC-lesioned rats have also been reported to show deficits in the NOP test with an 2-hour interval (Nyakas et al., 2009).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nyakas et al., 2009 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Post-sample PFC infusions of neither methyllycaconitine citrate nor dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide influenced OiP memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2009
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Furthermore, electrical stimulation of EC facilitated NOP memory and water maze spatial navigation in rats infused with the amyloid peptides 1–42 into the hippocampus, as a model of Alzheimer’s disease (Zhang et al., 2015), suggestive of close connections between the EC and hippocampus-dependent functions.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zhang et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Infusions of SCH23390 into the PFC also impaired long-term 24 hours NOP memory when administrated immediately, but not 6 hours, after the sample trial (Rossato et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rossato et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Intriguingly, populations of LEC neurons also encode temporal information across different contexts (Tsao et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tsao et al., 2018 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This matches the anatomical features of LEC, as being a functional hub for integrating multisensory information (Bota et al., 2015), including both spatial and non-spatial characteristics, probably even time (Tsao et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the LEC, but not MEC, critically processes object-object inter-relationships when environmental complexity (object associative information) increases.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In an OPP-like paradigm to test spatial (where) object exploration, in which a single object was presented in the sample trial and another identical object was placed together with the familiar one in the test trial, memory was disrupted in animals with lesion of the MEC, but not LEC (Van Cauter et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Cauter et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Impaired spatial recognition was also reported in the LEC-lesioned rats tested by the SNOP paradigm (Van Cauter et al., 2013), but see (Rodo et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Cauter et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Compatible with this view are the imaging findings that the LEC was more recruited in the processing of the number of items (5 versus 10 odors) during the recall of a non-matching to sample task (Ku et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ku et al., 2017
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inconsistent findings were reported in the literature when the retention delay was over 10 minutes in the NOP test.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In the SNOP test, impaired spatial recognition was found after lesion of the MEC (Rodo et al., 2017; Van Cauter et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The MEC-lesioned animals exhibited deficits in spatial recognition when three or four distinct, but not identical, objects were used in the sample trial of the SNOP test (Rodo et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rodo et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Evidence from the SNOP test has supported this perspective, as object recognition was compromised when four distinct, but not identical, objects were required to be remembered by LEC lesioned rats (Rodo et al., 2017; Van Cauter et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The role of the hippocampus in the processing of NOP is contentious.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This finding is in agreement with others, indicating the LEC is critical for the memory of associations between different objects, even contexts (Hunsaker et al., 2013; Kuruvilla and Ainge, 2017; Wilson et al., 2013b; Wilson et al., 2013c).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hunsaker et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Kuruvilla and Ainge, 2017
- Not checked yetcites Wilson et al., 2013b
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In the same vein, the LEC-lesioned rats showed deficits in searching for foods in an arena in which spatial cues were provided by two distinct objects located within the environment (Kuruvilla and Ainge, 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kuruvilla and Ainge, 2017
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hippocampus is not required for short-term NOP memory (less than 10 minutes) shown by lesion and inactivation studies (organized in Table 3).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, pre-sample intra-hippocampus infusions of lidocaine (Hammond et al., 2004) or muscimol (Cohen et al., 2013) was reported to disrupt NOP memory tested 24 hours later in mice.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Some studies showed that rats with hippocampal lesions had impaired NOP (across delays from 10 minutes to 24 hours) memory (Ainge et al., 2006; Broadbent et al., 2010; Broadbent et al., 2004; Clark et al., 2000), whereas the majority of the studies employing hippocampal lesions in rats failed to report an influence in the NOP test (Albasser et al., 2012; Albasser et al., 2010; Barker and Warburton”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“When reducing the diversity of objects to three distinct objects, the LEC-lesioned animals were able to show intact object recognition in the SNOP test (Rodo et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rodo et al., 2017 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, inactivation of the superficial layers of MEC stellate cells impaired memory for OPP, but not NOP, in mice (Tennant et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tennant et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results indicate that the LEC processes complicated, but not simple, inter-relationships between objects.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Space-relevant object recognition can be mediated by both LEC and MEC, depending on the diversity of objects explored.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These data illustrate the engagement of the MEC in the processing of “general” information about space and its interaction with the hippocampus (Hales et al., 2014; Hales et al., 2018), particularly in situation with increased complexity of objects.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, the hippocampus is not essential for NOP memory when the retention is less than 10 minutes.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A recent study showed that chemogenetic inhibition (KORD), but not hM4Di, of the dorsal hippocampus impaired NOP consolidation tested 24 hours later (Tuscher et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tuscher et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Post-sample intra-hippocampus infusion of muscimol impaired long-term NOP (24 hours) memory (Cohen et al., 2013; Haettig et al., 2011), but see (Oliveira et al., 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Yet, the effects of severe hippocampal lesions could be confounded by less object exploration during the NOP encoding (Ainge et al., 2006).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ainge et al., 2006 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In studies investigating retrograde memory, animals with hippocampus lesion, after being submitted to repeated exposure of the sample trial in the NOP test, exhibited impaired recognition memory when tested within 5, but not 8, weeks after the lesions (Broadbent et al., 2010; Gaskin et al., 2003; Haijima and Ichitani, 2012).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The majority of chemogenetic studies, either activated before or after the sample trial, showed no influence in the 24 hours-delayed NOP test by overall excitation or inhibition on the dorsal hippocampus, or selectively on the excitatory glutamatergic neurons or inhibitory interneurons in the region (Lopez et al., 2016; Tuscher et al., 2018; Yu et al., 2018; Zou et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lopez et al., 2016
- Not checked yetcites Tuscher et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites Yu et al., 2018
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Method of lesion (e.g., permanent versus transient lesions) can be a factor; in the majority of studies the non-effect of hippocampus lesions is likely to reflect a functional compensation, such as the reorganization of neuronal circuits in hippocampus-associated regions (Cohen and Stackman, 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen and Stackman, 2015
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, long-term NOP impairment was consistently found when the hippocampus was damaged after the learning session (Broadbent et al., 2010; Gaskin et al., 2003; Haijima and Ichitani, 2012).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Lesion extent of the hippocampus has been discussed, in that severe, but not partial, lesions influenced NOP memory (Broadbent et al., 2004).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Broadbent et al., 2004 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Studies have shown that the dorsal hippocampus-lesioned mice were impaired in remembering six distinct objects (Sannino et al., 2012), although this finding seems hard to explain the mentioned discrepancies because two identical objects are usually used in the NOP test (Table 3).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sannino et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This is consistent with a later study in which pre-test microinjection of muscimol into the dorsal hippocampus impaired NOP memory when encoded and recalled in different environments (Cohen et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, a non-effect of pharmacological inactivation on the dorsal hippocampus was reported in the NOP test if animals were well-habituated to the testing environment (Kim et al., 2014; Oliveira et al., 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the hippocampus processes the information about located objects within a specific context.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The OPP test has been shown to be hippocampus-dependent in rodents (Barker and Warburton, 2011b; Mumby et al., 2002).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011b
- Not checked yetcites Mumby et al., 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that the dorsal hippocampal GABAa-R dually modulate NOP consolidation when contextual information is relatively novel.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The hippocampal dentate gyrus is involved in NOP processing as evidenced by destruction of high K+ infusions into the region leading to NOP deficits, either treated before or after the sample trial (Suzuki et al., 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Suzuki et al., 2015 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“NOP memory also elevated the AMPA/NMDA current ratio in the dentate gyrus (Yang et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yang et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Both CA1 and CA3 areas (more CA1 than CA3) were recruited in the NOP test (Beer et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beer et al., 2013 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hippocampus engagement in the processing of NOP memory over 10 minutes depends on many factors.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, an intact learning is not sufficient to support the memory if the hippocampus was damaged afterward.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Deficits in OPP memory (4-hour inter-trial interval) were also found when the dorsal hippocampus was, either pre- or post-sample, chemogenetic inhibited (M4Di or KORD) in the ovariectomized female mice (Tuscher et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tuscher et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The functional separation of dorsal versus ventral hippocampus in the processing of memory could be associated with the dominant role of the dorsal hippocampus in both, encoding and retrieval processes (Nakamura and Sauvage, 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nakamura and Sauvage, 2016
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Furthermore, when injected 3 hours, but not 5 days, after the sample trial, intra-hippocampal infusions of muscimol injected twice daily for 4 consecutive days, impaired long-term OPP memory which was tested 2–4 days after the last infusion of muscimol (Gaskin et al., 2011).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gaskin et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“CA1 firing rate was also increased during the OPP test, especially when a novel object was placed at a new location (Larkin et al., 2014).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Larkin et al., 2014 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Pre-sample, but not pre-test (Ozawa et al., 2017), infusions of anisomycin into the dorsal hippocampus impaired long-term OPP memory in the rat (Moncada, 2017; Ozawa et al., 2014, 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moncada, 2017 source
- Not matchedcites Ozawa et al., 2014, 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Post-sample trial muscimol or anisomycin microinjection into the hippocampus also impaired long-term OPP memory (Oliveira et al., 2010; Ozawa et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In addition, the newborn cells of dentate gyrus are critical for OPP memory (Jessberger et al., 2009).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jessberger et al., 2009 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons were reported to code object information in location when the objects were spatially displaced (Deshmukh and Knierim, 2013; Manns and Eichenbaum, 2009).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Deshmukh and Knierim, 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Manns and Eichenbaum, 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that learning and/or consolidation of long-term OPP is dependent on protein and mRNA synthesis in the hippocampus.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The neuronal plasticity of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) underlie object exploration processes.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample lidocaine infusion into the CA1 subarea of the dorsal hippocampus disrupted OPP memory in mice (Assini et al., 2009).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Assini et al., 2009 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Interestingly, in this OPP-like test in which two distinct objects were presented and only one of their kind was presented later, the rats with hippocampus lesions exhibited disrupted memory when placed into the testing arena from different starting locations, but not from the same location (Langston and Wood, 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Langston and Wood, 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Distinct hippocampal subregions are activated by different object stimuli that combine “what” and “where” components.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This suggests that the hippocampus encodes allocentric information of located objects, which is compatible with the findings of the landmark-vector properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons (Deshmukh and Knierim, 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Deshmukh and Knierim, 2013 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“When encountering a novel environment, LTP was enhanced in the CA1, dentate gyrus and CA3 (Hagena and Manahan-Vaughan, 2011; Kemp and Manahan-Vaughan, 2008), suggesting that the cellular mechanism is common for such a situation.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hagena and Manahan-Vaughan, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Kemp and Manahan-Vaughan, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A study has reported that hippocampal lesioned rats showed intact memory when tested by a paradigm similar to OPP with a 2 min interval.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Langston and Wood, 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In a simultaneous assessment of mnemonic information processing for NOP versus OPP, rats with lesioned hippocampus showed the preference for novel object over novel location (Chao et al., 2016b).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2016b
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“These results suggest that specialized proteomic roles of CA1 and CA3 areas contribute to recognition memory (von Ziegler et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites von Ziegler et al., 2018 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“microinjection of anisomycin into the hippocampus disrupted the consolidation of memory for “what-where-when””
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fellini and Morellini, 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the c-fos expression of hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus required for episodic-like memory was correlated with the when and where components, respectively”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“higher Arc RNA expression was found in the distal CA1 area for the processing of the when component”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beer et al., 2018 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“When temporal order judgment is involved in spatial alternation, e.g. when an object is moved to different locations at different time points, both, the CA1 and CA3 subregions were shown to be involved (Hunsaker and Kesner, 2008).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hunsaker and Kesner, 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“more c-fos and zif-268 positive-cells were found in the hippocampal CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus after the retrieval”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Veyrac et al., 2015 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In the NOP test, LTD was facilitated in the CA1 (Goh and Manahan-Vaughan, 2013c).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goh and Manahan-Vaughan, 2013c
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the distal CA3 (close to CA2), but not proximal CA3 (close to the dente gyrus), area was highly required”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Flasbeck et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Studies on proteomes of hippocampal areas CA1 and CA3 were found to show a different level of expression for ~ 31% (532 proteins out of 1697 ones) after an open field exploration.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites von Ziegler et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the where component activated both CA1 and CA3 areas after the ELM2–1 test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beer et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hippocampus is essential for the formation and storage of episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The rodent behavioral tasks used in the cited studies (NOP, OPP, ELM2-1, ELM2-2, etc.) validly measure the cognitive constructs they are said to measure, including episodic-like memory.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hippocampus is important for the processing of memory for “when”, which is fundamental for the construction of episodic memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“TOM memory seems to be mildly influenced when tested with a short 2 min interval in hippocampus-lesioned rats (Good et al., 2007a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Good et al., 2007a
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Intra-hippocampus infusion of muscimol disrupted episodic-like memory, measured by licking behavior”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Veyrac et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Lesions or NMDA-R blockade in the hippocampus disrupt OiP memory (Barker et al., 2007; Barker and Warburton, 2015; Good et al., 2007a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker et al., 2007 source
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2015
- Not checked yetcites Good et al., 2007a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Studies investigating the roles of different hippocampal subregions have shown that region CA1, but not CA3, is critical in the processing of temporal memory for objects (Hoge and Kesner, 2007).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hoge and Kesner, 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Furthermore, fast gamma (~60–100 Hz) synchrony between CA1 and CA3 is found to increase during the encoding of novel object-place information (Zheng et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zheng et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Lesion studies have indicated the hippocampus to have a pivotal role in the processing of memory for object recency and/or for temporal order recognition (Albasser et al., 2012; Barker and Warburton, 2011b), but see (Tam et al., 2014).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Albasser et al., 2012 source
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011b
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The memory for object-place associations requires the involvement of the hippocampus.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings indicate that episodic memory is underpinned by segregated networks of spatial and non-spatial information along the proximo-distal axis of the hippocampus.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The rodent behavioral tasks used in the cited studies (NOP, OPP, ELM2-1, ELM2-2, etc.) validly measure the cognitive constructs they are said to measure, including episodic-like memory.
In the paper
“while the CA3 lesioned rats had deficits in both intervals”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Farovik et al., 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pharmacological muscimol microinjections into the hippocampal CA1area disrupted the where and when components”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barbosa et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“suggesting their roles in novelty discrimination of an environment”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cercato et al., 2017 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“performance on tests of memory for what (NOP), where (OPP) or when (TOM) were not influenced”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Inostroza et al., 2013b
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the CA2 vasopressin 1b could be associated with social behaviors and episodic memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DeVito et al., 2009 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Intra-CA3 infusion of lidocaine also impaired the performance of rats tested by a task of source memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Crystal et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“pre-sample AP5 infusions into the hippocampus impaired memory when there were four, but not two, sample objects”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sugita et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“decreased theta-gamma (30–60 Hz) coupling in the hippocampal CA1 area was associated with the impaired episodic-like memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lopez-Pigozzi et al., 2016
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The enhanced hippocampal LTD induced by the learning of novel objects can be blocked by the systemic administrations of the NMDA-R antagonist CPP or mGlu5-R antagonist MPEP”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goh and Manahan-Vaughan, 2013a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“mice with selective NMDA-R subunit 1 knockout in the hippocampal CA1 area exhibited NOP deficits”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rampon et al., 2000 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“pre-test infusions of AP5 into the hippocampus disrupted NOP performance only when the memory was weak”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Iwamura et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“indicating that the CA3 region is critical for the integration of “what-where-when” components into an episodic-like memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Li and Chao, 2008
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample AP5 microinjections into the hippocampus impaired performance on OPP”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cassini et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“pre-sample intra-CA1 muscimol infusions disrupted the interaction as well as the where and when components”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Drieskens et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Mice with hippocampal lesions were impaired in the what, where and when components in the ELM2–1 paradigm”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DeVito and Eichenbaum, 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Maintenance of long-term OPP memory required GluA2/AMPA-R stabilization”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Migues et al., 2014 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Reduction of NMDA-R surface dynamics in the dorsal hippocampus had no effect in the long-term (24 hours) OPP test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Potier et al., 2016 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“infusion of 2,3-Dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX), a potent AMPA-R antagonist, impaired the memory irrespective of the delays”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Iwamura et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample hippocampal infusions of AP5 disrupted NOP memory tested 3 hours, but not 5 minutes, later in rats”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baker and Kim, 2002
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Simultaneous release of DA and NE was observed in the hippocampus during the OPP test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moreno-Castilla et al., 2017 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Post-sample infusions of RS67333, a 5-HT4-R agonist, or RS23597, a 5-HT4-R antagonist, into the dorsal CA1 area impaired spatial recognition tested by the SNOP paradigm”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nasehi et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“although in another study an impairment by SCH23390 was reported”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Furini et al., 2014 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“infusions of the DA D1/2-R agonist apomorphine into the hippocampal CA1, but not CA3, disrupted short-term 3-min recognition of object location”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vago and Kesner, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“they likely stabilize memory of searching for a spatial goal”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McNamara et al., 2014 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“pre-test infusions of SCH23390 into the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area showed no effects on long-term NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rossato et al., 2015 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Post-sample trial microinjections of the D1-R antagonist SCH23390 and D3-R agonist 7-OH-DPAT, but not D2-R antagonist L-741.626, into the hippocampus impaired NOP when tested 1 hour later”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“mice with the same knockout, but in the CA3 region, exhibited intact where and when memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Place et al., 2012 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Post-sample microinjections of the D1-R agonist SKF81297, the D2-R agonist quinpirole and the D3-R antagonist SB277,011 into the dorsal hippocampus facilitated NOP when tested after 24 hours”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Papp et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample microinjections of SCH23390 into hippocampus did not affect OPP memory when tested 1 hour later”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Savalli et al., 2015 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“catecholamine depletion in the dorsal hippocampus induced by 6-OHDA disrupted memory for OPP, but not NOP”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moreno-Castilla et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the DAergic projections to the dorsal hippocampus, which originate primarily from the locus coeruleus, rather than ventral tegmental area”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“regulate the hippocampal theta rhythm”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Orzel-Gryglewska et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“but impaired long-term (24 hours) OPP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moncada, 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“indicating that hippocampal catecholaminergic neurotransmission has an active role in coding place of object”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moreno-Castilla et al., 2017 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“selective knockout of the NMDA-R subunit NR1 in the hippocampal CA1 region impaired where, but not when, memory in mice”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Place et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“while that of SCH23390, a D1/5-R antagonist, impaired it”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Bundel et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample hippocampal infusion of the DA D1/5-R agonist SKF81297 improved long-term (24 hours interval) NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Bundel et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Post-sample, but not pre-sample or pre-test, infusions of TCB-2, a 5-HT2A-R agonist, into the dorsal hippocampal CA1 improved NOP when tested 24 hours later in mice”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zhang et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hippocampal plasticity has been shown to be mediated by 5-HT.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“post-sample hippocampal infusions of SCH23390 had no effect on long-term NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The same infusions of apomorphine into the CA1 or CA3 region did not affect the object novelty”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vago and Kesner, 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The NOP-facilitating effect of the 5-HT1B-R agonist CP94253 in 5-HT1B-R adapter protein p11 knockout mice was prevented by overexpression of p11 selectively in the hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Eriksson et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“pre-sample microinjections of SCH23390 or SKF38393 into the hippocampus did not influence NOP memory tested 90 min or 24 hours later”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Balderas et al., 2013 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibited reduced spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSC) after the application of SLV, a 5-HT6-R antagonist”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites de Bruin et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Increased hippocampal ACh efflux was also found, regardless of whether a familiar or novel object was presented”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stanley et al., 2012 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Post-sample infusions of the β-adrenergic antagonist timolol into the hippocampal CA1 area disrupted long-term NOP memory in rats”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“histamine H1-, H2- and H3-R are found in the cortex, hippocampus and amygdala”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Esbenshade et al., 2008
- Not checked yetcites Panula et al., 1984
- Not checked yetcites Ryu et al., 1995
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Systemic administration of propranolol, a β-adrenergic antagonist, blocked the learning-induced hippocampal LTD and spatial object recognition in freely moving mice”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goh and Manahan-Vaughan, 2013b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hippocampal histamine-R play a critical role in object memory consolidation”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The interaction between cholinergic and NMDA systems contributes to memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“intra-CA1 infusions of NE reversed the long-term NOP memory impairment induced by infusions of muscimol into the locus coeruleus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mello-Carpes and Izquierdo, 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Selective transection of dorsal CA3 projections in the fimbria, which constitutively blocks the MSvDB signals toward CA3, resulted in deficient spatial and object recognition in the SNOP test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hunsaker et al., 2007b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Pre-sample infusions of nicotine into the dorsal hippocampus facilitated long-term NOP and OPP memories when tested 72 hours later in rats”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Melichercik et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Post-sample infusions of the histamine H1-R antagonist pyrilamine, the H2-R antagonist ranitidine or the H3-R agonist imetit into the hippocampal CA1 area impaired long-term NOP memory (24 hours) when infused 30 min or 2 hours later, but not when applied immediately or 6 hours later”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites da Silveira et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The rat hippocampal NE levels were found to increase after object exploration”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mello-Carpes et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Post-sample infusions of NE into the rat CA1 region also promoted NOP memory tested 21 days later”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mello-Carpes et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In histamine H1-R and H2-R knockout mice, LTP in the hippocampus CA1 area was decreased together with impairment of NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dai et al., 2007 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Conversely, the histamine H1-R agonist pyridylethylamine, the H2-R agonist dimaprit and the H3-R antagonist thioperamide had no effect on NOP consolidation when infused into the CA1”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites da Silveira et al., 2013 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, NE systems in the hippocampal CA1 control long-term NOP consolidation.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Intra-hippocampus infusions of WIN 55,212–2, a non-selective cannabinoid-R agonist, dose-dependently disrupted the performance in the OPP, but not NOP, test in rats”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Suenaga and Ichitani, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Post-sample infusions of WIN 55,212–2 or VDM-11, an endocannabinoid membrane transporter inhibitor, into the hippocampal CA1 region impaired long-term, but not short-term, NOP memory in a dose-dependent manner”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Clarke et al., 2008 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“while the infusion of a HDAC inhibitor had the opposite effects”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Federman et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This hippocampus-mPFC pathway makes synaptic contact both with glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons within the mPFC”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the hippocampus is essential for the processing of long-term NOP consolidation and retrieval”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The rodent behavioral tasks used in the cited studies (NOP, OPP, ELM2-1, ELM2-2, etc.) validly measure the cognitive constructs they are said to measure, including episodic-like memory.
In the paper
“Intra-hippocampal infusions of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling, either pre- or post-sample, impaired NOP memory tested 24 hours later”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jobim et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“these effects were regulated by glutamate subunit 2-dependent AMPA-R”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Migues et al., 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Post-sample infusions of zeta inhibitory peptide into the rat hippocampus impaired NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hales et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Similar results were found in mice with the intra-CA1 infusions of RGFP136, a selective HDAC3 inhibitor”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McQuown et al., 2011 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“selective BDNF deletion in the mouse hippocampus disrupted NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Heldt et al., 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus mediates NOP and OPP memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Object exploration elevated the rat hippocampal BDNF levels”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Distinct neurotransmitter systems in the hippocampus have complementary and interactive roles in the regulation of different object exploration tests.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“suggesting that Rac1 activity in the hippocampus dually controls NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Liu et al., 2016 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“suggesting that mTOR mechanisms in the hippocampus are underlying long-term object memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jobim et al., 2012 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“OPP memory was enhanced by post-sample microinjections of the HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate into the dorsal hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Roozendaal et al., 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the hippocampus cardinally regulates the processing of OPP, OiP and episodic-like memories”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The rodent behavioral tasks used in the cited studies (NOP, OPP, ELM2-1, ELM2-2, etc.) validly measure the cognitive constructs they are said to measure, including episodic-like memory.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many molecular pathways within the hippocampus are involved in object memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“suggesting hippocampal BDNF is involved in protein synthesis for spatial memory consolidation”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ozawa et al., 2014 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“HDAC3-flox mice injected with AAV-Cre recombinase into the hippocampal CA1 region to selectively deplete HDAC3 in CA1, showed enhanced long-term OPP memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McQuown et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Intra-hippocampal infusions of PD98059, a selective MEK inhibitor, disrupted long-term NOP memory in mice”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nagai et al., 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Microinjections of the cannabinoid 1-R antagonist AM251 into the CA1 region facilitated object novelty tested by the SNOP paradigm”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nasehi et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The deacetylase domain of HDAC3 in the hippocampus was also found to be critical for long-term OPP memory in mice”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Alaghband et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This monosynaptic projection is also functionally essential for memory retrieval, as assessed by contextual fear conditioning”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rajasethupathy et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Anatomical interconnections are also found among the NR, perirhinal cortex and LEC”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Burwell and Amaral, 1998a, b
- Not checked yetcites Varela et al., 2014 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prefrontal cortical ACC projects back to the hippocampus and delivers PFC-relevant information onto the hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the PFC-NR circuit is proposed to modulate memory generalization versus specification, at least in hippocampus-dependent contextual fear memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Xu and Sudhof, 2013
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The interaction between the mPFC and LEC is crucially involved in episodic-like memory in rats”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2016a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the functional distinctions between the direct and indirect pathways are elusive, particularly in the context of episodic memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“increased functional connectivity of hippocampal CA1, CA3, insular cortex, perirhinal cortex and mPFC formed by the NOP test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tanimizu et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The dorsal and ventral hippocampus exhibit functional heterogeneity”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fanselow and Dong, 2010 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The functional topography along the hippocampus dorsal-ventral axis likely affects the interaction with the mPFC”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“a projection from the prefrontal cortical ACC to the dorsal hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in mice was found through viral vector tracing”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rajasethupathy et al., 2015 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Brain activities, measured by fMRI, were increased in the rat mPFC and hippocampus by 5–20 Hz electrical stimulation of the LEC”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Krautwald et al., 2019 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“a portion of the PFC neurons were found to be coupled to the theta rhythm (4–10 Hz) of the hippocampus and to best match with a delay of approximately 50 ms”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Siapas et al., 2005 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“and to enhance neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stone et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, direct and mutual information processing between the PFC and hippocampus exists in rodents.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“light-stimulation of the axonal terminals of ACC was sufficient to incur EPSC and evoked action potentials in the CA1 and CA3 neurons, but not the dentate gyrus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rajasethupathy et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“indicating that the hippocampus processes and guides the PFC with respect to spatial information”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Burton et al., 2009 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“DA and ACh neurotransmission play critical roles in the regulation of memory via the ventral tegmental area and MSDB projections to the PFC-hippocampus-associated circuits”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In humans, the PFC-hippocampus theta coherence was also increased in an inferential task which required participants to integrate associations that shared common features”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Backus et al., 2016 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the theta coherence between the PFC and hippocampus was increased, especially after rats had learned how to reliably procure food”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Benchenane et al., 2010 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Lesions in the ventral hippocampus disrupted the PFC activity for anticipating a spatial goal”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Burton et al., 2009 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Electrical stimulation of the EC has been found to reduce PFC pyramidal cellular activity”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Valenti and Grace, 2009
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the indirect PFC-hippocampus pathway could engage in the functions required for the interaction between PFC and hippocampus.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“other neural substrates that project to both mPFC and hippocampus include the amygdala, ventral tegmental area, MSDB, and hypothalamus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Alternatively, the LEC, which is essential for object-associations (Wilson et al., 2013c), projects mutually to the CA1, CA3 and PFC.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wilson et al., 2013c
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This argues that they were not incapable of recognizing different locations.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that the direct and indirect pathways of PFC-hippocampus could be distinctly associated with the theta and 2–5 Hz PFC-hippocampus synchronization, respectively.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“Disconnected inactivation of the mPFC and hippocampus with pre-sample NBQX or AP5 infusions impaired OiP performance, independent of time delay.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2015
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“probably due to the fast synaptic transmission provided by AMPA-R.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The disruption of episodic-like memory could not have resulted from the impairment of object location memory since the PFC-CA1 disconnected animals showed intact spatial recognition in the ELM2–2 test (positive where index).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the muscarinic and nicotine ACh-R, but not NMDA-R, of the NR can modulate the encoding of OiP memory (Barker and Warburton, 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Furthermore, pre-test infusions of NBQX into the unilateral PFC and hippocampus with the disconnection approach impaired the where and when components of the ELM4–2 test (Barker et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that the interplay between the PFC and hippocampus is critical for “when” and “what-where-when” memories.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“As expected, memory tested by the ELM2–2 test was deficient, suggesting the PFC-LEC circuit is indispensable for episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2016a
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the disconnected PFC-CA3 circuit resulted in intact individual memory for what, where and when, but disrupted episodic-like memory, it follows that episodic-like memory is not simply a combination of “what”, “where” and “when” memories, but a meta-system that integrates these components into episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The indirect PFC-hippocampus pathway also plays an important role in the processing of episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These results are compatible with the finding that the AMPA-R, but not NMDA-R, in the PFC are essential for the learning and memory of object-place associations (Barker and Warburton, 2008, 2015; Tse et al., 2011), probably due to the fast synaptic transmission provided by AMPA-R.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2008, 2015
- Not checked yetcites Tse et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Disconnecting the PFC-hippocampus pathway did not influence performance in NOP and OPP tests, either by lesions (Barker and Warburton, 2011b) or infusions of NBQX or AP5 before the sample trial (Barker and Warburton, 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011b
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2015
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The PFC AMPA/kainate-R, but not NMDA-R, are involved in the processing of episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“Pharmacological inactivation of the PFC in one hemisphere with CNQX, but not with AP-5, combined with lesions of CA3 in the opposite hemisphere (disconnecting the CA3 and PFC gultamatergic circuit) disrupted episodic-like memory (de Souza Silva et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites de Souza Silva et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“an oscillation varying between 2–5 Hz could also be involved in the PFC-hippocampus coupling”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fujisawa and Buzsaki, 2011 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Alternatively, the LEC, which is essential for object-associations (Wilson et al., 2013c), projects mutually to the CA1, CA3 and PFC.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wilson et al., 2013c
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“both regions are involved in the integration of temporal-context memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, disconnection of the PFC and hippocampus disrupted TOM and OiP (remembrance for altering relative object-location associations) memories (Barker and Warburton, 2011b).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2011b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“These findings indicate that the PFC-CA1 circuit is critically involved in the processing of episodic-like memory itself (Chao et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2017 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“brain imaging studies indicating strong links between the PFC and medial temporal lobe during episodic encoding”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Processing of episodic information is more actively involved in the direct PFC-hippocampal pathway than in the indirect pathway.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The direct pathway from the CA1 to the PFC alone may not to be sufficient for coding episodic-like memory unless it receives additional inputs from the CA3 region.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The direct and indirect pathways between the mPFC and hippocampus employ distinct, but complementary, functions to structure the “what”, “where” and “when” components that subserve episodic memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“The findings pinpoint that the CA1 projection to PFC pathway is functionally divergent, with the posterior-dorsal and intermediate circuits accounting for the processing of temporal and inter-item locational information, accordingly (Barker et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker et al., 2017 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A meta-system of episodic-like memory which integrates the “what”, “where” and “when” component memories likely comprises the hippocampal CA1/CA3-prefrontal cortical circuitry.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Conclusion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results indicate that there is a bias for the episodic-like information to be processed in the direct pathways than indirect PFC-hippocampal ones.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the CA1 and CA3 regions are cardinal in the integration of “what-where-when” components into episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Different extents of episodic-like memory deficits were observed, depending on the region disconnected in the studies of disconnecting the mPFC either from the CA1, CA3 or LEC (Chao et al., 2016a; Chao et al., 2017; de Souza Silva et al., 2016) (Table 5).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, different neurotransmitter systems within the mPFC and hippocampus behave synergistically during the learning, storage and retrieval processes inherent in the NOP, OPP and TOM tests.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The anatomical and functional connections between the mPFC, LEC and hippocampus inclusively, but not exclusively, underpin the formation of episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the disconnection studies have contributed new insights into the neural networks that determine episodic-like memory and its component memory systems of object recognition in space and time, with emphasis on the cirtical involvement of the direct and indirect PFC-hippocampal pathways (Fig.5).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the direction of information flow in these studies is hard to ascertain, since the connections are ablated.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 167
- Probably not a substantial claim. 21
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“For instance, in a setting of exploring three small “positionally” distinct objects, the distal CA1 and proximal CA3, which preferentially receive “what” information (Mishkin et al., 1983), were recruited during the recognition of a novel object (increased mRNA of the immediate early genes Arc and Homer1a), whereas the proximal CA3 and lower blade of dentate gyrus, but not CA1, were involved in”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Hoang et al., 2018 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“NMDA-R GluN1 and GluN2A levels were elevated in the hippocampus, but not in the PFC, after habituation to an open field and exploration in the NOP sample trial, while they did not change after the NOP test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Cercato et al., 2017 source
The Results sections on open-field habituation and object recognition report higher GluN1 and GluN2A levels in the hippocampus, but no significant change in the PFC, 70 minutes after training. The object-recognition Results also report no change in these subunits after the test, including when rats encountered a novel object. The paper calls the task object recognition (OR), rather than NOP. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Application of JWH-018, a synthetic cannabinoid 1/2-R agonist, decreased potassium-evoked glutamate and GABA release and LTP in hippocampus slices”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Barbieri et al., 2016 source
The Results figure caption (section 3.3.4, p. 11) describes inhibitory effects of JWH-018-R compounds on potassium-evoked glutamate and GABA release in hippocampal slices. The paper’s indexed summary (p. 1) also reports that these compounds negatively affected LTP in hippocampal slices; JWH-018 is one of the compounds studied. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked yetcites Basavarajappa and Subbanna, 2014
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Theta oscillations in the hippocampus precede those in the PFC during the onset of contextual exploration, while the prefrontal cortical theta precedes that in the hippocampus during the onset of object exploration”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Place et al., 2016 source
The passage labeled Abstract reports that, during the initial second of context exploration, hippocampal theta led medial PFC theta. It also reports the reverse during the initial second of object sampling, matching the cited claim. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
In the paper
“Furthermore, performance in the OPP test (where) was disrupted, whereas memories for NOP (what) and TOM (when), were intact.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“By contrast, disconnecting the PFC-CA3 circuit also impaired performance in the ELM2–2 test, but did not interfere with performance in the individual NOP, OPP and TOM tests.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites de Souza Silva et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“When the PFC-CA3 pathway was disconnected, the interaction, as well as the where and when indexes were disrupted.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites de Souza Silva et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“Using the ELM2–2 test, it was found that the where component was still functional, although weakened after disconnecting the PFC-LEC pathway, which spared the direct CA3-CA1-PFC circuit.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2016a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“Based on the experimental model, episodic-like memory has been found to be not simply a combination of “what”, “where” and “when” memories, but a meta-system which integrates these three components into a complex and distinct compound system (de Souza Silva et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites de Souza Silva et al., 2016 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Habituation to the testing environment, which reduces novelty-induced arousal or anxiety, directly contributes to memory for objects.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Maroun and Akirav, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Early studies have indicated that rodents have memory for objects for up to 24 hours (Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988), and even up to 48 hours (Liu et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988
- Not checked yetcites Liu et al., 2016 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, in such training-based models the neurobiological system of episodic memory is likely to converge with the amygdala and/or nucleus accumbens for coping with anxiety/fear and/or incentive motivation, respectively.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The past two decades studies have revealed new insight on this question with evidence that animals can show a memory akin to human episodic memory, with arguments based on evolution, neuroanatomy and neurobiology (Allen and Fortin, 2013; Fortin et al., 2004; Manns and Eichenbaum, 2006; Templer and Hampton, 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Allen and Fortin, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Fortin et al., 2004 source
- Not checked yetcites Manns and Eichenbaum, 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Alternatively, spontaneous object exploration in rodent studies of recognition memory is a well-established training-free animal model.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies in training animals with classical and operant conditioning have shown that animals can behaviorally respond at certain intervals (seconds to minutes) according to the programmed stimulus (Kirsch et al., 2004; Kyd et al., 2008)”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Temporal-order preference
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These perspectives propose that similar neuroanatomical and neurobiological substrates of memory systems are shared by different species with humans, including a prototype of “episodic memory” which can be studied in animal models to decipher its neurobiological mechanisms.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Spontaneous object exploration can be used to assess memory for “what” (novel object preference; NOP) (Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988), for “where” (object place preference; OPP) (Ennaceur et al., 1997), and for “when” (memory for temporal order or recency; TOM) (Mitchell and Laiacona, 1998).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988
- Not checked yetcites Ennaceur et al., 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites Mitchell and Laiacona, 1998
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition, it has been found that the half of the tested mice was able to retain OPP information for up to 6 months, but not after 1 year (Atucha et al., 2019).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Object place preference (OPP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Atucha et al., 2019
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Long intervals of days can be timed with internal biological systems of circadian rhythms in animals (Buhusi and Meck, 2005).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Temporal-order preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Buhusi and Meck, 2005
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Rats are able to anticipate food with 24-, but not 18-hour intervals (Petersen et al., 2014)”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Temporal-order preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Petersen et al., 2014 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Caution must be exercised to rule out confounding interpretations, such as the absence of preference for a given object, fear of novelty, hyper- or hypo-locomotor activity, sensorimotor malfunctions and others.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The methodological factors which impact NOP also influence the OPP test.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Object place preference (OPP)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The placing of animals into the testing arena from the same or different starting locations can potentially impact an OPP-like test, as it was shown that hippocampus-leisoned rats showed a memory impairment when starting to explore from different, but not the same, locations (see 3.3.2; (Langston and Wood, 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Object place preference (OPP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Langston and Wood, 2010
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They found that rats are sensitive to the cue of “how long ago”, but not to the cue of “when”, and questioned the similarity between episodic-like memory in animals and human episodic memory (Roberts et al., 2008).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Sense of time
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Roberts et al., 2008 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Compared to the application of identical objects, that of distinct objects is likely to involve not only novel object identity, but also inter-object relationship (Arain et al., 2012), which presumably activates brain regions for the processing of object-object and/or object-context association more than that for object identity.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Novel object preference (NOP)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Arain et al., 2012 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A direct way to measure episodic-like memory is to combine the three “what”, “where” and “when” object exploration tests into one integrated paradigm (this test was first developed for rats (Kart-Teke et al., 2006) and then adapted for mice (Dere et al., 2005b).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kart-Teke et al., 2006 source
- Not checked yetcites Dere et al., 2005b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It was also reported that object information in the TOM test with interval of 3 (Barker et al., 2007), but not after 24 (Mitchell and Laiacona, 1998), hours could be “recognized” by rats.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Temporal-order preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker et al., 2007 source
- Not checked yetcites Mitchell and Laiacona, 1998
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Like in primates, the PFC in rodents is considered to participate in functions such as attention, decision making and memory (Chudasama, 2011; Dalley et al., 2004; Preston and Eichenbaum, 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The exploration preference patterns, RD > RS (novel location over old one in recent familiar objects) and OS > OD (old location over novel one in older familiar objects), indicates an interaction between object-location and temporal-order, which demonstrates that the animals have episodic-like memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The combined “what-where-when” memory, however, is not merely a summation of the three mnemonic components, given that “what-where-when” memory could be impaired under the circumstance of intact individual memory for “what”, “where” and “when” (details see section 4.2).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The rodent mPFC can be anatomically divided into three subareas, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prelimbic cortex (PLC) and infralimbic cortex (ILC), which are located along the dorsal – ventral axis (Dalley et al., 2004; Gabbott et al., 2005), and are reciprocally interconnected (Heidbreder and Groenewegen, 2003).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A possible explanation is that associations between distinct objects (e.g. relative inter-object locations) are processed by the mPFC, while such associative learning is not required when identical objects are applied.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared to the NOP and OPP tests, the OiP test presents four distinct objects, instead of two identical objects, as the information to be learned. This test is similar to the SNOP test that applies multiple distinct objects in the sample trial and presumably requires higher memory capacity to learn than the NOP/OPP tests.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Object-in-place preference (OiP)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This implies that the mPFC is either not required for object recognition memory, or that other circuits compensate for this function when the mPFC is inactivated.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Optogenetic stimulation of the mPFC glutamatergic neurons did not affect memory for NOP and OPP, but facilitated OiP memory, which is involved in object association information by switching inter-object locations (Benn et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Benn et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, a neurobiological system which integrates and organizes different sources of information to form such a memory should exist (as discussed below).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The episodic-like memory paradigms (Fig.2) are dependent upon the spontaneous object exploration tests of NOP, OPP and TOM, and thus, theoretically are influenced by all the methodological factors involved in these tests.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this test, adult rats exhibit a pattern of exploration preferences, where RD > RS (where), OS > RS (when) and OS > OD.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kart-Teke et al., 2006 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies manipulating the time interval between trials have shown that rats retain the episodic-like memory for over 2 hours (Belblidia et al., 2015), but not after 4–6 hours (Belblidia et al., 2015; Chao et al., 2014).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“When administrated prior to the sample trial, microinjections into the mPFC of the DA D1/5-R agonist SKF81297 facilitated, and its antagonist SCH23390 disrupted, NOP memory tested 24 hours later (De Bundel et al., 2013; Nagai et al., 2007).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition, pre-test microinfusions of muscimol into the rat ACC impaired the NOP memory tested after 24 hours, but not 20 min, implying the ACC is involved in the retrieval of NOP in a time-dependent manner (Pezze et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pezze et al., 2017 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The catecholaminergic systems in the PFC are involved in the processing of TOM, given that catecholamine depletion in the mPFC induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) disrupted this memory, but neither memory for NOP nor that for OPP (Nelson et al., 2011).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nelson et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This implies that the midbrain DA interplays with the mPFC in the expression of NOP memory and that the communication between a non-lesioned side of the mPFC and midbrain DA systems is necessary for object memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Transcranial direct current stimulation onto the PFC also increased DA levels in the hippocampus and striatum, and NOP memory was thereby improved in spontaneous hypertensive rats (Leffa et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Leffa et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the PFC AMPA/kainate- and NMDA-R are indispensable for the encoding of specific object-location relationships, while NMDA-R engages in the learning and consolidation, but not recall, of OiP memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The same pre-sample PFC infusions of AP5 also impaired OiP memory tested 1 hour later, but not when given pre-test (Barker and Warburton, 2008).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The encoding/consolidation of TOM is dependent upon the medial prefrontal cortical AMPA/kainate- and NMDA-R, while AMPA/kainate-R, but not NMDA-R, are required for the retrieval of TOM.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings indicate that the expression of NOP memory is dependent on the mGlu5-R, but not the AMPA/kainate-R, of the mPFC.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Long-term (24 hours), but not short-term (5 min), OPP memory was deficient when a cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein, histone acetyltransferase, was reduced in the mouse PFC (Vieira and Korzus, 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vieira and Korzus, 2015
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A unilateral PFC lesion combined with a midbrain DAergic systems deficiency in the unilateral hemisphere, impaired NOP (90 min interval) if the lesions were in different hemispheres, but not when they were in the same hemisphere.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition, medial prefrontal cortical DNA methylation, but not histone deacetylation, is involved in OiP memory (Scott et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Scott et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Conversely, mice with PFC stroke showed impaired OPP, but not NOP, memory, along with reduced structural volume in the dorsal medial nucleus of the thalamus (Zhou et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zhou et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“EC-lesioned animals showed deficient spatial navigation in the Morris water maze (Nyakas et al., 2009; Parron et al., 2004), but not when spatial cues were provided by proximal objects located in the pool (Parron et al., 2004).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nyakas et al., 2009 source
- Not checked yetcites Parron et al., 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition, infusions into the mPFC of methyllycaconitine citrate, before learning, or dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide, before the test trial, did not influence OPP (24 hours) memory (Sabec et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sabec et al., 2018 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pre-test microinjections of MDL 11,939, a 5-HT2A-R antagonist, into the rat mPFC impaired TOM, but not NOP and OPP, all with 3 hours intervals (Bekinschtein et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bekinschtein et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, the prefrontal cortical D1-R underlie the learning and/or consolidation, but not retrieval, of object-location relevant information.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neither α7- nor α4β2-nicotinic ACh-R seem to be significantly involved in OPP memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that 5HT2A-R in the mPFC are critical for memory retrieval in short-term TOM, but not for NOP and OPP.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The LEC preferentially receives projections from the perirhinal cortex, insular cortex, PLC and ILC, while the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) mainly connects with the postrhinal, occipital and parietal cortical regions in rats (Burwell and Amaral, 1998a, b; Witter et al., 2000).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Burwell and Amaral, 1998a, b
- Not checked yetcites Witter et al., 2000 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the SNOP test, impaired spatial recognition and less object exploration were found in EC-lesioned animals (Parron and Save, 2004).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Parron and Save, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Projections from the perirhinal cortex to LEC and those from the postrhinal cortex to MEC are functionally different, with the former primarily sending inhibitory signals (Apergis-Schoute et al., 2007; Pinto et al., 2006; Willems et al., 2018) and the latter primarily sending excitatory ones (Koganezawa et al., 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pharmacological blockage of DA D1- and D2-R and activation of D3-R disrupt short-term object consolidation, but pharmacological activation of DA D1- and D2-R and blockage of D3-R facilitate long-term object consolidation.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The muscarinic ACh-R of the PLC/ILC are essential for the encoding/consolidation, but not retrieval, of TOM and OiP.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Lesion and inactivation studies have provided substantial evidence that TOM, OiP and episodic-like, but not NOP and OPP, memories are dependent on the mPFC.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
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In the paper
“Thus, pharmacological blockage of the prefrontal cortical DA D2- and D3-R leads to NOP deficiency and facilitation, respectively.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
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In the paper
“The results suggest that it may not be the mPFC is irrelevant to NOP processing, but rather other neural systems take over when the mPFC is dysfunctional.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
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In the paper
“The medial prefrontal cortical α7 nicotinic ACh-R underly the learning, but not consolidation and recall, of associative object-location memory, while the α4β2 nicotinic ACh-R are responsible for the retrieval, but not learning and consolidation, of this memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
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In the paper
“Yet, recent behavioral and electrophysiological evidence indicates that both LEC and MEC process spatial information, with local and global spatial frameworks being represented within LEC and MEC, respectively (Knierim et al., 2014; Neunuebel et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
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hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The whole EC is likely to engage in long-term object memory, given that EC-lesioned or inactivated animals exhibited deficits in the NOP test when tested 24 hours later (Lima et al., 2009; Nyakas et al., 2009).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
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In the paper
“However, another study showed that lesions of the MEC did not disrupt memory in the OPP test, but impaired spatial memory tested by the water maze escape task and that combined lesions of the MEC and hippocampus led to a stronger impairment (Hales et al., 2014).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hales et al., 2014 source
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In the paper
“In contrast, the MEC neurons fire for location in the environment and across different contexts, forming “grid-like” activities (Fyhn et al., 2004; Hafting et al., 2005).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
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plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Lesions of the LEC, on the other hand, did not affect OPP memory (Van Cauter et al., 2013; Wilson et al., 2013c), but impaired object-location recognition in a test in which two distinct objects were replaced by two identical ones, chosen from either of the explored type (Wilson et al., 2013c).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Cauter et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Wilson et al., 2013c
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In the paper
“Pre-test microinjections of scopolamine into the MEC also had no effect in the NOP test, but decreased the amount of object exploration (Rashid and Ahmed, 2019).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rashid and Ahmed, 2019
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In the paper
“Behavioral, imaging and electrophysiological recording data suggest that LEC preferentially processes object-associated information, e.g., the past and current locations of objects (Beer et al., 2013; Deshmukh and Knierim, 2011; Tsao et al., 2013; Van Cauter et al., 2013), and the context of the objects (Wilson et al., 2013b; Wilson et al., 2013c).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
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hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Strikingly, the MEC neurons respond at fixed distances and directions from objects, irrespective of location, shape and size of objects, and have been called object-vector cells (Hoydal et al., 2019).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hoydal et al., 2019 source
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In the paper
“In non-spatial (what) object exploration tests, lesions of the LEC of rats spared memory in the classic NOP test (Kuruvilla and Ainge, 2017; Van Cauter et al., 2013; Wilson et al., 2013b; Wilson et al., 2013c), but impaired object memory when 3 or 4 distinct objects were used during the learning (Hunsaker et al., 2013; Kuruvilla and Ainge, 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the entorhinal cortex
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kuruvilla and Ainge, 2017
- Not checked yetcites Van Cauter et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Wilson et al., 2013b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Post-sample infusions of anisomycin into the hippocampal CA1 area impaired long-term (24 hours), but not short-term (3 hours), NOP memory when it was infused within 3, but not 6, hours after the sample trial (Rossato et al., 2007), whereas no effect was reported (Balderas et al., 2008).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rossato et al., 2007 source
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In the paper
“Rats with hippocampus lesions exhibited intact NOP tested in the same environment, but not in different one.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Piterkin et al., 2008 source
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In the paper
“The ventral hippocampus is also involved in NOP memory, as muscimol infusions led to NOP deficits (Neugebauer et al., 2018), albeit this was not supported by a lesion study (Broadbent et al., 2004).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Neugebauer et al., 2018 source
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In the paper
“Thus, the hippocampus is undoubtedly important for NOP memory when the retention is over 10 minutes (Cohen and Stackman, 2015), while its involvement likely depends on contextual novelty (Kim et al., 2014; Oliveira et al., 2010; Yi et al., 2016), features of context (Piterkin et al., 2008), and probably allocentric signals (Langston and Wood, 2010) (see below).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Interestingly, post-sample infusions of muscimol and the GABAa-R antagonist bicuculline into the dorsal hippocampus respectively facilitated and disrupted long-term NOP memory in a less-habituated environment, but not after sufficient habituation (Kim et al., 2014; Oliveira et al., 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“On the other hand, the hippocampus is likely involved in NOP consolidation and/or retrieval.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Hippocampal CA1 firing rates were enhanced during NOP testing (Cohen et al., 2013) and NOP consolidation is related to an increase of the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic efficacy (Clarke et al., 2010).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Pre-test muscimol microinjections into the dorsal hippocampus was reported to impair (Cohen et al., 2013; Stackman et al., 2016) or not affect (Haettig et al., 2011) NOP memory in mice.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, lesions in the dorsal dentate gyrus did not induce NOP/OPP deficits in rats (Beselia et al., 2010), and DREADD activation of GABAergic parvalbumin neurons in the dentate gyrus also showed no effect in the NOP test, but influenced anxiety-like behaviors, social novelty and contextual fear extinction in mice (Zou et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beselia et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Zou et al., 2016 source
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In the paper
“This result implies that information about object, but not location, can be functionally compensated when the hippocampus is damaged.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Electrophysiological recordings of the hippocampal CA1 cells have shown that when the location of two objects was rotated, the CA1 firing pattern remapped, suggesting that the CA1 coordinated the altered spatial information (Lenck-Santini et al., 2005).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lenck-Santini et al., 2005 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similar effects were found with pre-sample infusions of the protein synthesis inhibitor emetine and the mRNA synthesis inhibitor 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole 1-β-D-ribofuranoside into the dorsal hippocampus, while these infusions did not influence short-term (5 min) OPP memory (Ozawa et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ozawa et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Pre-test intra-hippocampus infusions of muscimol also disrupted OPP memory tested 24 hours later in rats (Gaskin et al., 2011), supporting a critical role of the hippocampus in the retrieval of long-term OPP memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gaskin et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The dorsal, but not ventral, hippocampus has been shown to be critically involved in OPP memory (Gaskin et al., 2009a), leading to disrupted OPP memory tested 2 hours, but not 5 min, later (Tam et al., 2014).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gaskin et al., 2009a
- Not checked yetcites Tam et al., 2014 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In line with these findings, application of DREADDs by transferring excitatory- (M3Dq)- or inhibitory- (M4Di)-R into the dorsal hippocampus, led to improved long-term memory for OPP, but not NOP, in the M3Dq-activated mice, while the M4Di-activated animals showed the opposite (Lopez et al., 2016).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lopez et al., 2016
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Overall, it is clear that the hippocampus plays an important role in OPP memory, which can be mediated by the hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory neurons.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“CA1 area was required in both object and location conditions, while CA3 was more recruited for OPP than NOP (Beer et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beer et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Post-sample activation of M3Dq selectively in the CA1 interneurons also impaired long-term OPP, but not NOP, memory in mice (Yu et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yu et al., 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mice with specific inactivation of the hippocampal excitatory or inhibitory neurons exhibited long-term OPP deficits, suggesting that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons are cardinal for this memory (Haettig et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Haettig et al., 2013 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Higher c-fos expression induced by the OPP, but not NOP, test was found in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subregions (Mendez et al., 2015), while Arc mRNA imaging data showed higher involvement of CA3 in OPP than NOP (Beer et al., 2013).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“During “positional” object exploration, LTD was enhanced in the CA1 region, but not dentate gyrus, while the opposite results were found during “directional” object exploration (Kemp and Manahan-Vaughan, 2008).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kemp and Manahan-Vaughan, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Post-sample infusions of the DNMT inhibitor RG108 or 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine into the hippocampus impaired memory in the OiP, but not NOP, test, suggesting that hippocampal DNA methylation engages in the processing of object-place information (Scott et al., 2017).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Scott et al., 2017 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In addition, memories for NOP and OPP explicitly altered CA1 and CA3 proteomes, in which the changes of protein expression were largely consistent in CA1 across the two forms of memory, but distinct in CA3.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites von Ziegler et al., 2018 source
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In the paper
“mice displayed intact specific memory for “what-where-when” along with increased Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fellini and Morellini, 2013
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In the paper
“rats with the CA1 lesion showed deficits in a non-spatial temporal-order task if the inter-trial interval was 10, but not 3, seconds”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Farovik et al., 2010 source
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In the paper
“These data suggest that the CA1 processes temporal information, irrespective of whether spatial or non-spatial stimuli are involved, while the CA3 only participates in this processing if a spatial component is present.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the “directional” object exploration setting, the mossy fibers-CA3 LTD was facilitated, but not the commissural-CA3 LTD (Hagena and Manahan-Vaughan, 2011).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hagena and Manahan-Vaughan, 2011
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In the paper
“Interestingly, LTD was facilitated at the commissural-associational fibers in CA3 during the “positional” object exploration test, but not at the mossy fibers from the dentate gyrus projecting to the CA3.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hagena and Manahan-Vaughan, 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Imaging data also show the CA1 to be activated during both spatial and nonspatial processing, while CA3 activation codes primarily information about place (Beer et al., 2013; Beer et al., 2014).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“restraint disrupted neurogenesis and the when component”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Castilla-Ortega et al., 2014 source
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In the paper
“CA3 lesioned rats exhibited intact NOP, TOM and spatial recognition memories, but were not capable of episodic-like memory in the ELM2–2 test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Li and Chao, 2008
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In the paper
“Rats with temporal lobe epilepsy induced by kainate treatment exhibited impaired episodic-like memory, assessed by the ELM2–2 test, along with disrupted theta coherence across the CA1 and dentate gyrus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Inostroza et al., 2013b
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Pre-sample infusion of CNQX or AP5 into the rat postsubiculum also impaired long-term OPP, but not NOP, performance”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bett et al., 2013 source
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In the paper
“The above results suggest that the hippocampal AMPA- and NMDA-R are important for OPP memory, while whether they account for NOP performance depends on the extent of memory load.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“its effects are likely independent of NMDAR as transgenic mice with selective NMDAR knockout in vasopressin 1b neurons showed intact social and object memories”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Williams Avram et al., 2019 source
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In the paper
“exercise improved it and the where index of the ELM2–1 test”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Castilla-Ortega et al., 2014 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Post-sample AP5 infusion into the hippocampus impaired OPP, while pre-test AP5 infusion had no influence”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yamada et al., 2017 source
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In the paper
“inactivation of the CA3/dentate gyrus spared the when component, but not the where component”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barbosa et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Transgenic mice with vasopressin 1b knockout exhibited deficient sociability and social novelty assessed by the three-chambered social test, and impaired when memory in the ELM2–1 test.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites DeVito et al., 2009 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“NOP memory and hippocampal LTP were both impaired even several weeks later by a single systemic administration of MK-801, a NMDA-R blocker, in rats”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wiescholleck and Manahan-Vaughan, 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“but not NOP”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2015
- Not checked yetcites Yamada et al., 2017 source
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In the paper
“Glutamate plays an important role in hippocampal plasticity and object memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“suggesting that the treatment influenced consolidation of information, but not retrieval processes”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yamada et al., 2017 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“post-sample hippocampal infusions of GluA23Y or G2CT that interfered with the GluA2/AMPA-R removal, reinstated the forgotten OPP long-term memory and did not influence new OPP learning”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Migues et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Memory consolidation induced by contextual novelty was modulated by the DA release from the locus coeruleus, rather than ventral tegmental area, which is dependent on the hippocampal DA D1/5-R, but not adrenergic-R”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Takeuchi et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Thus, the hippocampal DA D1/2-R are key for the performance of location novelty, but not object novelty.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Thus, the hippocampal DA D1-, D2- and D3-R are involved in NOP consolidation in a bidirectional manner, while D1-R showed variable effects.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Systemic post-sample administration of fluoxetine recovered long-term OPP memory, activated Akt/GSK-3β signaling in the hippocampus and increased hippocampal LTP in mice”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yi et al., 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“TCB-2 also enhanced the hippocampal glutamate levels and the mean firing rate of CA1 neurons”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zhang et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The hippocampal DA D1/5-R mediate long-term NOP memory, while their roles in OPP memory are dependent on the extent of memory strength.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This facilitation effect was blocked by pre-sample trial infusions of SCH23390, but not of the β-adrenergic-R antagonist propranolol, into the dorsal hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kempadoo et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This suggests that the CA1 NMDA signaling is essential for the processing of spatial, but not temporal, information in an episodic-like context.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Place et al., 2012 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The hippocampal ACh-R play key roles in memory consolidation, with nicotinic and muscarinic ACh-R being related to facilitation and disruption of mnemonic storage, respectively.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“co-application of choline and NMDA/glycine caused larger currents than the application of NMDA/glycine alone; choline enhanced NMDA-R-mediated LTP of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC)”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Li et al., 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“long-term NOP memory was also not influenced when the injection was made 160 min after the sample trial or 90 min before the test trial”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Balderas et al., 2012 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Intervention with the interaction between the nicotinic α7 ACh-R and NMDA-R blocked these effects in vitro, and disrupted NOP memory in mice”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Li et al., 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Post-sample microinjections of scopolamine into the hippocampus disrupted NOP memory after 90 min, but not 24 hours”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Balderas et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similar effects were found by the CA1 infusion of the cannabinoid 1-R agonist ACEA, but not the cannabinoid 2-R agonist JWH-015 or palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous fatty acid amide with affinity to cannabinoid-R GPR55 and GPR119, suggesting a role of hippocampal cannabinoid 1-R in NOP consolidation”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Clarke et al., 2008 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Application of the nicotinic α7 ACh-R agonist FRM-17874 facilitated NOP in rats and dose-dependently enhanced the theta oscillation induced by electrical stimulation in the rodent hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stoiljkovic et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mice with selective knockout of cannabinoid 1-R in the GABAergic neurons, exhibited disruption of NOP (30 min) memory, and facilitation of spontaneous IPSC in the CA1 pyramidal neurons in vitro”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Albayram et al., 2016 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“knockdown of the cannabinoid 1-R-interacting protein 1 in the mouse hippocampus increased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus and improved NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jung et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“infusions of scopolamine and physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, into the hippocampal CA3 area impaired and enhanced spatial and object recognition, respectively”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hunsaker et al., 2007b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“NE modulates multiple functions, including arousal, attention, stress, and learning and memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pre-test infusions of scopolamine into the dorsal CA1 area did not affect NOP memory, but reduced the overall object exploration time”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rashid and Ahmed, 2019
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Different subtypes of hippocampal 5-HT-R play distinct roles in object recognition, whereby 5-HT1A-, 5-HT1B- and 5-HT2A-R are involved in facilitation of consolidation, while 5-HT4-R seems to impair the processing of object consolidation and/or retrieval.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The locus coeruleus located in the brainstem is a cluster of adrenergic neurons that release NE across the central nervous system.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The G-protein-coupled cannabinoid 1-R is enriched in axonal terminals in the brain, while cannabinoid 2-R is mainly, but not exclusively, expressed in the periphery system”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lu and Mackie, 2016
- Not checked yetcites Lutz et al., 2015 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The endocannabinoid system critically mediates development, synaptic plasticity, cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lu and Mackie, 2016
- Not checked yetcites Lutz et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Inactivating the atypical protein kinase C isoform M zeta (PKMζ) in the dorsal hippocampus abolished memory for OPP, but not NOP”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hardt et al., 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RGS14 gene knockout mouse exhibited improved NOP memory and facilitation of LTP in the CA2, but not CA1, area.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lee et al., 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The cannabinoid 1-R in the hippocampus play distinct roles in the modulation of NOP and OPP memory, as evidenced by memory being impaired and improved through pharmacological activation and blockage of the R, respectively.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Object exploration also increased the expression of the immediate-early genes Nr4a1 and Nr4a2, while intra-hippocampal knockdown of either one impaired long-term OPP (24 hours) memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McNulty et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Increased expression of BDNF in the hippocampal CA1 with the transduction of AAV9-BDNF, elevated the phosphorylation level of CaMKII, CREB, tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkB) and p38 MAPK, and facilitated long-term OPP, but not NOP, memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al., 2017b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This effect is dependent upon the ERK/MAPK pathways, given that facilitated LTP in the CA2 was blocked by U0126, a MEK inhibitor”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lee et al., 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The functions of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems are governed by different subtypes of receptors.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hippocampal DA, ACh and NE bi-directionally modulate NOP and OPP memories, while glutamate, 5-HT, histamine and cannabinoids are also engaged.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“inhibition of d-amino acid oxidase through d-serine modulation, augmented NMDA-R-mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus ex vivo and improved long-term NOP memory in vivo”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hopkins et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Post-sample hippocampal infusions of histone acetylase inhibitors decreased histone acetylation and impaired NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A direct hippocampus-PFC pathway originates from the ventral hippocampal CA1 area and subiculum onto the mPFC, while sparse projections from the intermediate third of the hippocampus also exist”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cenquizca and Swanson, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Jay and Witter, 1991
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Expression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and the immediate-early gene zif268 were increased after object exploration, and post-trial intra-hippocampal inhibition of NF-kB or zif268 impaired NOP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zalcman et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Disrupted long-term OPP, but not NOP, memory, along with impaired hippocampal LTP and reduced histone H2B, H3 and H4 acetylation, were found in the CREB-binding protein-flox mice microinjected with AAV-Cre into the dorsal hippocampus to produce hippocampal CREB-binding protein depletion”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barrett et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There are strong multi-synaptic (indirect pathway) connections between the mPFC and hippocampus, but monosynaptic projections (direct pathway) also exist”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rajasethupathy et al., 2015 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Longer learning of the sample trial of the NOP test increased hippocampal histone H3 acetylation and persistence of NOP memory, which could be prevented by NF-kB inhibition”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Federman et al., 2013 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Post-sample intra-hippocampus BDNF infusions were found to compensate OPP deficits induced by anisomycin, and hippocampal BDNF infusions facilitated long-term OPP memory”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ozawa et al., 2014 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“By contrast, the opposite information flow was found after correct answers together and with stronger alpha/beta oscillations”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brincat and Miller, 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The levels of NMDA GluN1-, GluN2-, mGlu1-, mGlu2/3- and DA D1-R were higher, but GABAA-R was lower, in the ventral than dorsal hippocampus, while mGlu5-, GABAB- and DA D2-R were unchanged across the hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dubovyk and Manahan-Vaughan, 2018
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the PFC-hippocampus theta oscillations were enhanced after an error made in a paired associative learning task, and were primarily directed by the PFC to hippocampus information flow”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brincat and Miller, 2015
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The nucleus reuniens (NR) in the medial thalamus, the perirhinal cortex and LEC are mutually connected with the PFC and hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intermediate and ventral hippocampus send projections to the mPFC, which presumably transfers hippocampus-relevant information to the PFC.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This illustrates that the PFC-hippocampal projections generate an oscillatory synchronization and supports the concept of a directional pathway of hippocampus towards the PFC as focal for information processing”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Siapas et al., 2005 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the ventral CA1 cells required stronger afferent stimulation to elicit action potentials, showed lower neuronal excitability and attenuated LTP induced by theta burst stimulation than the dorsal CA1 cells”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dubovyk and Manahan-Vaughan, 2018
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the LEC-CA1 pathway is recruited for the processing of exploration of familiar objects and of object-recency, while the pathway of LEC-dentate gyrus-CA3 is activated for the processing of recognition of novel objects and for object-recency”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The interplay between the mPFC and medial thalamus is also critical for TOM and OiP, but not NOP, tests”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cross et al., 2012 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“a subpopulation of single NR and LEC neurons sends axonal collaterals to both mPFC and hippocampus, implicating that the NR and LEC can directly and simultaneously modulate the activities of mPFC and hippocampus”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > The pathways between the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hoover and Vertes, 2012
- Not checked yetcites Varela et al., 2014 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the posterior-dorsal CA1 to PFC pathway was crucial for the memory for temporal-order, but not for NOP, OPP and OiP.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“This pathway is also engaged in the processing of object-associated identity, location and context information, but not in NOP, OPP and TOM (Chao et al., 2016a).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chao et al., 2016a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Disconnecting the PFC-CA1 and PFC-CA3 pathways revealed differential effects on episodic-like memory, indicating distinct functional roles of the PFC-CA1 versus -CA3 pathways.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“Retrieval of OiP memory was dependent on the PFC-hippocampus AMPA-R, but not NMDA-R (Barker and Warburton, 2015).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2015
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“The NR-lesioned rats exhibited intact NOP, OPP and short-term OiP memories, but long-term OiP memory was impaired.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker and Warburton, 2018
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the ELM4–2 test, inactivation of the posterior-dorsal CA1 to PFC pathway impaired the when, but not where, component of episodic-like memory, while inactivation of the intermediate CA1-PFC pathway disrupted the where, but not when, component.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
In the paper
“In contrast, the intermediate CA1 to PFC pathway was important for OiP memory, but not for NOP, OPP and temporal-order.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barker et al., 2017 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recent human imaging studies shed light on the distinct but complementary characteristics of CA1 and CA3 in episodic memory (Copara et al., 2014; Dimsdale-Zucker et al., 2018).”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results reveal that, although the CA1-PFC pathway was preserved, episodic-like and associated spatial memories were still impaired, which highlights the role of the interplay between the PFC and CA3 in the processing of episodic information.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
The paper relies on this without support.
All behaviors are motivated and guided by positive and negative outcomes (reinforcers).
“However, all behaviors are “motivated” and guided by positive and negative outcomes (reinforcers).”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The methodological factors in the NOP test apply to the TOM test.
“The methodological factors in the NOP test are suggested to apply to the TOM test as well.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The TOM test is designed for animals to remember both sets of objects while forming differential memory decay for each one.
“The TOM test is designed for animals to remember both sets of objects, while forming differential memory decay for each one.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The rodent behavioral tasks used in the cited studies (NOP, OPP, ELM2-1, ELM2-2, etc.) validly measure the cognitive constructs they are said to measure, including episodic-like memory.
“episodic-like memory”
The authors state this as an assumption.
If two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere should lead to a functional deficit.
“The basic proposition of the disconnection approach is that, if two brain areas interact for a specific function, disrupting one of the areas in one hemisphere combined with a simultaneous disruption of the other area in the opposite hemisphere (i.e. disconnecting the circuit at two different levels) should lead to a functional deficit.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
An impairment of one of the components (what, where, when) should cause a failure of episodic memory.
“given that, by logic, an impairment of one of the components should cause a failure of episodic memory.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The mPFC has an integrative role in object, place and time information [114, 115] as well as reward-regulated mechanisms of spatial learning [116, 117].”
From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
In the citing paper
“research in these studies shows that damage to the hippocampus is associated with defects in episodic-related memory functions in monkeys [112] and rodents [66,113,114].”
From Is episodic-like memory like episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [66]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > Basic concepts and methodological factors for measuring object-, place-, time- and episodic-memory based on object exploration > Episodic-like memory preference
“Studies manipulating the time interval between trials have shown that rats retain the episodic-like memory for over 2 hours (Belblidia et al., 2015)”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > References
“Belblidia H, Abdelouadoud A, Jozet-Alves C, Dumas H, Freret T, Leger M, Schumann-Bard P, 2015 Time decay of object, place and temporal order memory in a paradigm assessing simultaneously episodic-like memory components in mice.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus as a memory system > The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
“Both the PFC AMPA/kainate- and NMDA-R are indispensable for the encoding of specific object-location relationships, while NMDA-R engages in the learning and consolidation, but not recall, of OiP memory.”
§ The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties > The functional hippocampal-cortical network of episodic memory > Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
“the AMPA-R, but not NMDA-R, in the PFC are essential for the learning and memory of object-place associations”
Citations
Cites
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Episodic memory: from mind to brain
Tulving, E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 · Cited by 4,950
Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex
Hafting, T., Fyhn, M., Molden, S., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03721 · Cited by 4,068
Are the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus Functionally Distinct Structures?
Fanselow, M. S., & Dong, H.-W. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.031 · Cited by 3,358
The Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System
Squire, L. R., & Zola-Morgan, S. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1896849 · Cited by 3,282
A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: behavioral data
Ennaceur, A., & Delacour, J. (1988) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(88)90157-x · Cited by 3,223
Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways
Mishkin, M., Ungerleider, L. G., & Macko, K. A. (1983) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(83)90190-x · Cited by 2,947
Storage and Executive Processes in the Frontal Lobes
Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5408.1657 · Cited by 2,834
The Medial Temporal Lobe and Recognition Memory
Eichenbaum, H., Yonelinas, A. P., & Ranganath, C. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094328 · Cited by 2,580
The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory
Burgess, N., Maguire, E. A., & O'Keefe, J. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00830-9 · Cited by 2,401
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia
Jobson, D. D., Hase, Y., Clarkson, A. N., & Kalaria, R. N. (2021) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab125 · Cited by 338
The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory
Fawcett, J. W., Fyhn, M., Jendelova, P., Kwok, J. C. F., Ruzicka, J., & Sorg, B. A. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01634-3 · Cited by 169
Davies, J. R., Garcia-Pelegrin, E., & Clayton, N. S. (2024) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301298 · Cited by 31
Is episodic-like memory like episodic memory?
Davies, J. R., & Clayton, N. S. (2024) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0397 · Cited by 27
Location and temporal memory of objects declines in aged marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
De Castro, V., & Girard, P. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88357-7 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Chao, O. Y., de Souza Silva, M. A., Yang, Y.-M., & Huston, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Yi-Mei
- Huston, Joseph P.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 113
- Pages
- 373-407
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7302494
- OpenAlex
- W3015373542
- Semantic Scholar
- 572bae24f9319a147be915b0ff86782fa9bdc65f
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 447
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, episodic-like memory, object memory, spatial memory, temporal memory, memory circuits, top-down control, neurotransmitter systems, rodents
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Exploratory Behavior, Hippocampus, Neural Pathways, Rodentia, Prefrontal Cortex, Recognition, Psychology, Mice, Rats, Memory, Episodic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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